monuments Russia, according to the 2014, is a comprehensive list of 1007 units, different in its significance.Each object of the cultural heritage of the Russian Federation has a certain degree of artistic value.Some historical monuments of Russia on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Site.Today there are 26 such facilities, of which 10 belong to the cultural sphere, 6 are considered masterpieces of world importance, and another 10 are natural phenomena in Russia with signs of extreme aesthetic appeal.
prospect of recognition
Twenty-four Russian monument at the stage of entry into registers of UNESCO under the 1988 Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage.Historical monuments that are protected by the state - it is primarily the objects of special importance, have the status of immunity.
Accounting and systematization
In order to present a cultural object that is necessary to make the description of the historical monument with the chronology of events related to its appearance.Typically, this epochal period of time.The important role of the monument in the public life of the country, he often has educational and patriotic significance.Description of a historic monument in this case becomes binding, it must be included in the program of secondary and higher educational institutions.
popular Russian masterpieces
Russian textbook There are a number of cultural objects that are familiar to every citizen.This historical monuments, known not only in Russia but also abroad.Their significance can not be overestimated.First of all, the historical monuments of Moscow, including St. Basil's Cathedral, Red Square, the Kremlin, the monument to Minin and Pozharsky.All of them are concentrated in the center of the Russian capital.Other historical monuments of Moscow are at a distance, but that does not diminish their dignity.All cultural objects are protected by the government.
World Culture
monuments of the world are located in different parts of the planet.This Eiffel Tower in Paris, the Reichstag in Berlin, the Taj Mahal in India, the pyramids of the pharaohs in Egypt and many others.Historical monuments will never be destroyed, except the barbaric terrorist acts of extreme extremists.
civilized society refers to the heritage of the past with respect, historical monuments are protected and kept in proper form.There are various public and private funds for the preservation of cultural objects.
Exhibits open-air
monuments of historical heritage is usually more than one hundred years.The most vulnerable part of the cultural layer - is a masterpiece of architecture, who are suffering from unfavorable climatic conditions.So we have cultural and historical monuments of architecture protected from destruction.Some of them contributed to the will of nature, such as the world-famous Colosseum.This monument is recognized as a world heritage is largely due to its dilapidated forms.
architectural masterpieces
Most of the historical monuments of culture are kept in good condition as they are active exhibits the world exhibition of cultural heritage.These objects include St. Basil's Cathedral in Moscow, St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Sergiev Posad church.
In general, all the cultural and historical monuments Russia are under state protection, and under the supervision of the relevant structures.Governmental bodies of guardianship do everything to preserve the masterpieces, the golden fund of the country.
Types of historical monuments
Cultural values are divided into categories, including rarities and masterpieces from different eras.The monuments that have historical significance, constitute a separate group, but are in different locations.They can be divided into the following categories:
- monuments of architecture (for example, the Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg).
- Monument of Glory (Motherland in Volgograd).
- monuments of historical characters (Bronze Horseman - equestrian statue of Peter I in St. Petersburg).
- statues as images of personalities who left a mark in history (Alexander I, St. Isaac's Square in St. Petersburg).
- Themed sites (Sevastopol Bay, the memorial of the lost ships).
- Natural monumental Education (Krasnoyarsk Pillars).
historic city monuments
In Russia there are specific cultural education, with ethnographic value.It is a city with an unusual historical past.An example is the city monument Yeniseisk, which in its development has gone through several periods.From the thirteenth century, it was divided and united, it became the center of the fur trade, then it shook the gold rush.
the historic city and the monuments are considered as places of heroic battles of Kursk, Sevastopol, Volgograd and others."Nobody is forgotten, nothing is forgotten" - their motto, passed through the decade.
famous Russian monuments
- historic center of St. Petersburg with several cultural monuments: the Winter Palace (Hermitage), the Palace Square, Alexander Column.
- Kazan Cathedral in St. Petersburg architect A.Voronikhin (years of construction - 1801 - 1811).Constructed for storage of Our Lady of Kazan.In 1812, the Cathedral of Russian troops leave the war with Napoleon.The temple was crowned Emperor Paul I. Kazan Cathedral, among other things, serves as the tomb of Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov.
- Moscow Kremlin Museum, and churches.
- Red Square, St. Basil's Cathedral, a monument to Minin and Pozharsky, the GUM, the Mausoleum, the Historical Museum.
- cultural complex "Solovetsky Islands" in the White Sea, which entered in 1992 in the UNESCO heritage list.
- architectural ensemble of Kizhi: Transfiguration Church of the twenty-three chapters, a masterpiece of Russian wooden architecture of the church from the 18th century.Intercession Church with a unique collection of icons and the bell tower built later.
- ancient city of Novgorod and its environs, including four monasteries: St. George's, animals, Antony and the Sign.Church of the Nativity on a red field.
- Astrakhan Kremlin - fortification, built on the orders of Ivan the Terrible in 1558.On its territory there are: Cathedral of the Assumption (the five-domed, with arched gallery), Cyril chapel Prechistenskie gate with a bell tower, bishop's house church consistory, the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity, the architectural complex "Trinity-Sergius Lavra" in Sergiev Posad.
- historical center of Yaroslavl has a thousand years.The main buildings were built during the urban planning reform of Catherine II in 1763 In 2005 the city contributed to the UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- ancient city of Pskov.From 1348 he was considered the capital of the independent republic of Pskov.In 1510 he was attached to the Grand Duchy of Moscow.Currently, the center of tourist pilgrimage.Attractions in particular are the following: the Kremlin, Pogankiny Chamber of Pskov fortress, the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity Monastery Mirozhsky.
- Izmailovo - architectural monument, the former royal mansion.In 1812 the main building was damaged during the Napoleonic invasion.Thirty-eight years in Izmailovo military opened an almshouse, which is housed in a specially built for this new buildings.
- Vladimir-Suzdal Historical-Artistic Reserve, part of the Golden Ring of Russia.It is a unique monument of architecture of 12-13 centuries white stone masterpieces whose importance can not be overestimated.
- Tanais - Reserve Museum of Archaeology.Located at the mouth of the Don.The reserve - about three thousand hectares, there are historical and cultural monuments, since the Paleolithic era.Exposition of the museum, among other things, reflect the heyday of ancient Greek civilization.
Known natural monuments
- Lake Baikal - a natural reserve of world significance - the most deep in the world.It has the unique ability to cleanse itself.
- Volcanoes of Kamchatka, the total number of which 29 are active.Some erupted last four thousand years ago, however dull they can not be named, because the bowels are boiling lava.From the crater of the volcano periodically sees steam and gases, which means that he is under fumarole activity.
- Golden Altai Mountains - the unique landscape formation consisting of rocky elevations of indescribable beauty, which lie in an area of sixteen thousand square kilometers.Natural Monument included in the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1998.
- Curonian Spit - a narrow strip of sand 98 kilometers in length, connects the Lithuanian Klaipeda to Kaliningrad region and separates the Curonian Lagoon and the Baltic Sea.
- Putorana Plateau - a unique landscape reserve, covering nearly two million square kilometers of the territory of the Central Siberian Plateau.Distinguished by a rare combination of climatic ecosystems, there is adjacent to the forest tundra of the Arctic desert.The region is full of pristine lakes, rivers, taiga thickets.In the tundra migrate tens of thousands of wild reindeer.
- Lena Pillars - a natural park on the banks of the Lena.A series of vertical cliffs stretching for several kilometers, is the result of tectonic upheavals around 400 thousand years ago.Lena Pillars entered the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2012.
