By 91 - "Other income and expenses".

analysis of the obtained company profits or losses for the reporting period should be based on the structure of the indicator.This will allow for the further planning of costs and values ​​stabilize income.The dynamics of the index, its structure can be analyzed based on the tax and accounting business.

concept of revenues and expenses

Every commercial enterprise created to generate income (economic benefits).For more substantial amount of revenue the owners choose an activity that, in their opinion, will provide a stable and high level of profitability.
If the final result of work at the end of the current reporting (intermediate or primary period), each organization receives a loss or profit from the core activities.In case of excess proceeds from the sale of goods and services over the amount invested in the production process means the company has a profit for the period under review.If the costs of implementing the activities exceed the proceeds, the company gets for performance loss.Determination of income and loss of the enterprise is not unique, with the help of accounting operations, transactions, and primary documents must constantly analyze the structure of revenues and expenses.Both profits and losses are generated not only by the main activities of the organization, there are a number of positions that have an impact on the final economic result of a particular firm, the company is not in the direction chosen as prevalent.In accounting, management and tax accounting data items are recorded in the account "Other income and expenses" 91 and its sub-accounts.

structure of business income

In accordance with the regulations PBU 9/99 to the income of the enterprise include increase in economic benefits the organization in connection with the receipt of assets (cash, current and non-current assets) and the implementation of commitments, which leads to an increase in capital (excludingowners is to invest through the authorized capital).Are income following admission:

• advances from customers.
• collateral.
• Amounts received tax to be transferred to the budgets of different levels (excise, VAT, duties, sales tax, etc.).

income of each place of business can be divided into two enlarged type: Other income from the main activity.Proceeds from the sale of issued (manufactured) products, services rendered, work performed within the framework of the chosen direction, refers to the income from core activities (by 90), can be attributed to other types of income as follows:

1. Operating (expense 91):

• Implementation property.
• Interest on loans granted.
• Rental income operating lease.
• participation in the authorized capital of a third company, etc.

2. Non-operating (expense of 91):

• Inventory surpluses.
• Exchange differences are positive.
• Penalties received from counterparties.
• Arrears lender organizations (over 3 years).

3. Extraordinary income organization receives as a result of emergencies (insurance payments, the implementation of parts of the property affected by natural disasters, etc.).

Classification costs

company expenses are classified according to the requirements of RAS 10/99.As the cost to the account taken of the decrease in the economic indicators of the organization as a result of the disposal of assets and of situations associated with a decrease in equity.Depending on the type and nature of occurrence of all the costs are divided on the other, and the resultant of the main directions.Expenses related to the main activities occur during the formation of the cost of production, manufacturing production, in the process of providing services and carrying out works.If the organization as the main direction of the selected rental of non-current assets, buildings, machinery and equipment, all the costs of this type are the main production costs.Other expenses are divided:

1. Operating (91 score):

• Taxes remitted to the various budgets.
• fee for use of leverage (borrowed) funds.
• banking fee for maintaining accounts and providing them information.
• acquisition of non-current assets, disposal of operating systems as a result of wear and tear (physical or mental) or equipment failure (in case of impossibility of repair, modernization).

2. Non-operating (expense of 91):

• fines, penalties, fines under contracts with contractors (in case of violation of contractual obligations now).
• Charity expenses.
• overdue receivables (not repaid within a period of 3 years).
• Exchange rate differences negative (if foreign exchange contracts).
• Shortage over norms of natural loss detected by the results of the inventory (in the absence of the perpetrator).

3. Extraordinary expenses, the company receives as a result of natural disasters, technological accidents, fires, etc.

Reflection in accounting

of accounts 91 is designed for accounting organization of other, non-operating, operating expenses and income.The entire period prior to the annual report, other expenses and income accumulated on the organization of active and passive balance account 91, which in the chart of accounts (unified) accounting is called - "Other income and expenses » .This correspondence account 91 depends on the items and (or) the income, an analytical accounting should be based on the accounting policy conducted for each item separately, this will greatly simplify the analysis of the indicators in evaluating the results of the enterprise.By this account, be sure to open a sub-account of the following plan:

- 91/1 «Other income" - designed to reflect all kinds (except emergency) income of the enterprise, not related to its main business.

- 91/2 «Other expenses" - in this sub-account recorded Other non-current operating expenses.

- 91/9 «Balance of other income and expenses" - 91 account closing is carried out via this sub-account.

Document on the account 91

Postings 91 accounts are compiled on the basis of well-formed primary documents, which are filled with accounting respectively for each specific type of expense and revenue.Apply the documents of the following form:

1. accounting certificate applied for admission of the revenues (operating, non-operating, etc) reserves of unused payments, payment price difference taken on the account of inventories, amounts deferred.
2. invoice used in the calculation of interest on credits, loans, income from equity share (authorized capital) of the third enterprise, income from the ownership of securities.
3. Inventory List, the costs and revenues on the basis of this document are carried out on the account 91 in correspondence with active accounts on goods and materials, finished goods, costly core and ancillary industries.
4. act of reception and transmission of basic non-current assets write-off of the residual value when sold or written off of fixed assets.
5. Estimated amortization sheet is used to write off the accumulated depreciation on your fixed assets that are leased.

Reflection debit 91 bills

debit (through 91) wiring are made as follows: the cost of maintaining and servicing of dormant units of property disposals, write-off of fixed assets, operations with container, losses of previous periods, found in the current year overduereceivables, fines, penalties for non-performance of contractual obligations, foreign exchange differences, fees for the use of loans, credits, loans, costs of litigation, etc.

Correspondence Accounts

reflection of information on the credit account 91

score 91 posting on the loan are made on the following business operations: Income from the sale of fixed assets,income from assets received gratis (Current and non-current), received fines, penalties on contracts with counterparties, foreign exchange differences, dividends received from investments in other partnerships, income from loans, loans, proceeds from the sale of intangible assets, innovations, overduedebt creditors, and so on. d.

correspondence possible accounts

process of closing 91 accounts

for each reporting period the information on income and expenditure non-operating nature going to the credit and debit 91account.Before the closure of each reporting period, turnover of sub-accounts are summed across all analytical positions.Turnover (debit) subaccount 91/2 "expenses" and trafficking (credit) subaccount 91/1 "revenues" are compared, the difference of turns shows, income or loss from other (non-core) activities of the organization received for the current period.The resulting amount is the balance of the subaccount 91/9.Each month, 91/9 transferred to the financial and economic results of the organization and should not be reflected in the annual balance (it has an intermediate balance).

closing 91 accounts posting:

- Dt 91/9 KT 99. Closed sub-account balance (income).

- Dt 99 Kt 91/9.Closed net (loss).

Recording is done on the basis of preparation of financial help, which reflects the process of closing the account 91 subaccounts.This open subaccounts momentum accumulated consistently throughout all reporting interim periods (month, quarter, six months).

accounts (sub-accounts) '91 finally closed at the end of each year, the reform of the balance, the following sequence of business transactions:

- Dt 91/1;KT 91/9 closure of sub-account "other revenues".

- Dt 91/9;in correspondence with the KT 91/2 closure of sub-account "other expenses."

The annual balance by 91 and its sub-accounts shall not be reflected, everything turns close to the financial result.In analyzing the income for the period under review non-operating and other income must be less than the amount of 5-6% of the total volume, in this case, the profit of the company has a clear structure and is obtained from the main direction of the organization.