your grandparents and possibly their parents, had to live in the Soviet times and work on the farm if your family from the countryside.They will certainly remember this time, not by hearsay knowing that the collective farm - a place where they had spent their youth.History of the creation of collective farms is very interesting, it is necessary to know her better.
first collective
After World War I, about 1918, the beginning of the public agriculture emerge on a new basis in our country.The initiator of the collective farms were made by States.Appeared then the collective farms were not ubiquitous, rather rare.Historians suggest that the more prosperous peasants there was no need to join collective farms, they prefer has been farming in the family.But the poorer sections of the rural population accepted the new initiative favorably, because for them, living from hand to mouth, a collective farm - a guarantee of a comfortable existence.In those years the entry into selhozarteli was voluntary, not implanted forcibly.
course on consolidation
It took just a few years, and the government decided that the process of collectivization is necessary to carry out an accelerated pace.It embarked on strengthening the co-production.All agricultural activities, it was decided to reorganize and give it a new form - the collective farm.This process has not been easy for the people he was more tragic.And the events of 1920-30 forever overshadowed even the greatest successes of the collective farms.Because wealthy farmers were not delighted with such innovation, they were driven back by force.It alienates the entire property, from livestock and buildings, and ending with birds and small equipment.It began mass cases where peasant families resisting collectivization, moved to the city, throwing all acquired property in the village.So did basically the most successful peasants, they were the best professionals in the field of agriculture.Their transfer will be reflected later in the quality of work in the industry.
Dekulakization
the saddest page in the history of how to create collective farms in the Soviet Union, there was a period of mass repressions against the opponents of the policy of Soviet power.There followed terrible massacre of the rich farmers, society promoted aversion to people whose standard of living was a little better.They are called "kulaks".As a rule, these peasants with their entire families, along with the elderly and infants were exiled to distant lands of Siberia, after taking away all the property.In the new areas the conditions for life and agriculture were extremely unfavorable, and a large number of the dispossessed just did not get off to a place of exile.At the same time, to stop the massive exodus of peasants from the villages, the passport system was introduced, and what we now call the residence.Without the appropriate note in the passport people could not leave the village without permission.When our grandparents remember what the farm, they do not forget to mention the passports, and the difficulties with the move.
formation and flourishing
During the Great Patriotic War, collective farms have invested a considerable share in the victory.For a long time, it was thought that if it were not for rural workers, the Soviet Union would not have won the war.Whatever it was, a form of collective agriculture beginning justified.Within a few years, people have begun to understand that the modern farm - a company with millions of revolutions.Such farms millionaires began to emerge in the early fifties.To work on such agricultural enterprise was prestigious, breeder and mechanic work was held in high esteem.Farmers received decent money: earnings milkmaids could exceed the salary engineer or a doctor.They are also encouraged state awards and medals.The presidium of the congress of the Communist Party compulsorily significant number of farmers in session.Strong thriving economy built Residential house for workers contained recreation, brass bands, organized tours of the USSR.
farming, or collective farm in a new way
With the collapse of the Soviet Union began the decline of collective agricultural enterprises.The older generation remembers with bitterness that the farm - a stability that all had left the village.Yes, they are right, but in the transition to a free market collective, which focuses on activities in the planned economy just were unable to survive.It launched its reform and transformation into farms.The process is complex and not always effective.Unfortunately, a number of factors, such as insufficient funding, lack of investment, the outflow of young working-age population of the villages, adversely affect the activity of farms.Yet some of them manage to be successful.
