How are the organs in the body, how they work and the overall structure of the building must know every educated individual.That is why we study human anatomy from the school.
After elementary principles of topography (ie the location of the internal organs) are very important.Even to understand what causes discomfort and body aches, it is necessary to know.
Human anatomy school
The original concept of the topography of organs and their systems are at the initial stages of education in the 4th grade (lessons "the outside world").However, a more detailed and thorough consideration of the issues of the human body is moved to a conscious age - 8th grade.
Before that, the guys have already examined the structure of plant and animal anatomy lesson so they will be easier to digest, despite a complex, multifaceted material in the structure of man.
This discipline includes a plurality of terminological concepts that will have to be absorbed by the end of the year the children in full.Also, the study material for this science is not possible without adequate teaching aids, especially for clarity.
must be present table, slide presentations or interactive illustrations (and better - all together in the complex).Anatomy Lesson is impossible without it, as it can be understood only by looking clearly.Much attention is paid to the discipline of planning thematic structure, functioning and importance of sexual and excretory systems.For example, near the end of the school year when the children have become more mature and can adequately perceive the nature of the relevant material, it begins to study anatomy, women and men.Particular attention is paid to the female, as they relate to the vital processes - pregnancy and childbirth, embryogenesis fruit.
Features studying female anatomy
Throughout the school year we study human anatomy.Women are arranged in the same way as men, so when considering the circulatory, respiratory, excretory, nervous systems, GNI analyzers are no gender differences are not provided.However, when it comes to the structure of the genitourinary system, they are obvious.
There are several key points that includes this section anatomy:
- study of the composition and function of the mammary glands.
- peculiarities of the bone structure of the pelvis.Autopsy
- mechanisms and structure of the female reproductive system, which includes external and internal genitals.
- study of cyclic processes in the female body and their role.
- fertilization, embryo formation and fetal development during the entire period of pregnancy.
- Genera and ontogeny of the fruit.
Anatomy of woman - an important and complex issue, quite intimate.But he always causes an increased interest in adolescents.That is why it is important to be able to preserve and develop it right, nice and clear presentation.
Breasts
Paired education in a female body having an outer and an inner part.The first is a skinned body of various shapes (round, pear-shaped, elongated, and so on).Weight and volume may vary in different female.In the middle of the chest pointy nipple is - a special structure, through which the product is discharged to the outside of the milk glands - milk.Around it is encircling the shaded part - the areola, or areola.This area has different colors, which depends on the race of the women and if she was giving birth.Areola covered with small wrinkles from the inside is smooth and transverse muscles, sebaceous and sweat glands.Through her nipples and held a large number of mammary glands, ducts open their outside.
The interior of the female breast is represented by the following structural parts:
- adipose tissue.Almost 2/3 of the weight falls on her chest.
- shares, consisting of smaller lobules.Structure, filling a substantial part of the interior chest.In total there are about 20 pieces, all of them are immersed in a common junction adipose tissue.Inside it consists of numerous alveoli, blood vessels, the bubbles that produce milk.Disposed radially around each nipple.
- lymph and blood vessels provide the supply of its products breast, exercise the power of the mammary glands.
- pecs - the structure, which is attached to the breast within the body itself.
physiology and anatomy of the mammary glands are directed mainly at one function - the production and excretion of milk flow through a special nipple outward.In one teat can be up to 9 holes through which the liquid exits.
mammary Topography: located on the anterior chest wall between 3 and 7, an edge and symmetrical to each other relative to the center of the bone.Breasts have sinus separating them.
Anatomy of the pelvic woman
main difference of male and female anatomy, of course, not only in the absence or presence of mammary glands.In fact, the important role played by the structure of the pelvis and its organs.And consider them in detail.
female pelvic anatomy is represented by 4 main bone structures:
- two pelvic bones;
- sacral;
- coccyx.
Together, they fused with the muscles and play a very important role in the birth process.In general, stands out not only small but also large bowl.It is located immediately above the first.Genetically it laid so that the female pelvis wider male, but in this case it consists of a light and thin bones.
small part has three basic education:
- input;
- cavity;
- output.
Login formed fusion of the iliac-sacral and pelvic-pubic bone, there are three different sizes.Pelvic cavity formed part of the broad and narrow.In it are the main organs: the inner sexual, bladder and rectum.
Out pelvic muscle closes special education - pelvic floor.This structure contains the most important and functionally important muscles, thanks to the work which the internal pelvic organs are held inside, are not tumbling.Also, they are important in pushing the fetus during labor.
thus arranged and the pelvis, which is the basic structure of which is characterized by the female anatomy.Photography and its internal organs can be seen below.
reproductive system of the female body
These include some of the main structural parts:
- outer genitals (pubic area, large and small labia, the clitoris, the vestibule, the hymen).
- internal (vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries).
- ligamentous apparatus.
Reproductive this system is named because it is directly involved in the process of fertilization, pregnancy and fetal development and birth.Let us consider each component in more detail, revealing its purpose and structure.
External genitals
female anatomy involves first the presence of obvious external differences by gender.Out of the external genitalia these include breast and part of the pelvic organs - the following structures:
- Loboc.It is a triangular formation, covered with hairs (in the age of sexual maturity), which is based on bone structure.It has a powerful reserve of fat for heat and thermoregulation and mechanical protection.Function: is the cover that protects the deeper underlying external bodies.
- large labia.Skin folds in nature consisting of subcutaneous fat.Front and rear spliced spikes.Between them there is a slit-like formation, called the sexual gap.In the same structure are Bartholin glands, which secrete a special alkaline secretion in the vagina.Outside the body is covered with hairs.
- Labia.Located within large and normally in contact with each other, making the sexual slit closed.The function, like the previous ones, protective.
- clitoris.Small spherical body consisting of plexus nerves and blood capillaries and capillaries.Very sensitive, located in front of the large and small labia.
- vulval vestibule.The structure, which precedes the direct entrance to the vagina.This also opens channels bartolinievyh glands goes urethral tube.
- hymen - a thin film that protects the entrance to the vagina.It is an organ connective tissue.It's a structure that includes both an unstable female anatomy.Inner and outer bodies are separated using it just before the first sexual intercourse, after the on-site hymen remain gimenalnye papillae.
It all bodies that are external to the reproductive system of the female body.
testes
These include a little bit, but their significance can not be overestimated.It is these structures are used for the formation and gestation, the formation of female sex cells and removing the child out.
- uterus.The Authority will consider separately.
- vagina.This part is one of the major, which represented the female anatomy.Muscular body having an elongated cylindrical shape (tube) up to 10 cm. The walls lined with stratified squamous epithelium, through which blood and lymphatic vessels serving the vagina mucus.Thanks to this body always hydrated.Also here there own microflora, consisting of rod-shaped bacteria, cells and mucus.Normally, it is constantly updated, and the old one removed as precipitates.They are acidic medium, milky white, translucent color and characteristic odor.Since the vaginal wall muscle, it is able to expand and contract, which is necessary for the generic process.In the upper part of the tube formed by four sets of the organ.The front part of the body adjacent to the bladder, and the rear - to the rectum.
- ovaries.Doubles body representing the endocrine glands.Located on each side of the uterus.It consists of a medulla, connective tissue permeated by blood and lymphatic vessels.The walls lined with cortical layer, tunica and outer epithelium.Inside the ovary occurs monthly formation of mature eggs.They also worked out specific hormones responsible for the development of secondary sexual characteristics in females.During pregnancy, the ovaries produce additional substances special purpose.
Generally, all the pelvic organs - is an important distinguishing feature of which is the anatomy of a woman.Images, which are abundantly present in different reference materials, in sufficient detail and accurately reflect their structure and topography.
uterus
muscular hollow organ triangular shape.It consists of three main parts:
- bottom of the uterus (the lower part of the triangle, tapering at the bottom);
- Isthmus;
- neck.
Anatomy of a woman's uterus is considering as the main body for procreation and gestation.The structure itself is made up of several cell layers are: the mucosa, the average muscle and internal serous covering the uterus and separates it from the peritoneal side.
Uterine cervix plays an important role in protecting the contents of a body from harmful bacteria of the vagina, as it is located at the intersection of these two structures.It is represented by a small tube filled with mucus, which prevents the penetration of harmful substances and organisms.
Fallopian tubes - pair formation extending from the corners of the uterus.Formed by the same layers as the uterus.Their length - about 12 cm.
ligamentous apparatus - a special structure, which serves to support the uterus and ovaries.It consists of the following bundles:
- paired round;
- own ovarian ligament;
- voronkotazovye;
- wide.
Together, these structures form a stable position of the uterus and ovaries.
menstrual cycle
This process is a monthly recurring formation of follicles to be output to the outside along with blood and dead particles, cells and microorganisms.
This cycle is designed to prepare the female body for pregnancy and childbirth.There are complex processes accompanied by the elaboration of special hormones.
Pregnancy
Anatomy of a pregnant woman changes considerably.After all the fruit that develops in the uterus grows.This leads to pressure on all other internal organs, and consequently, entails a change of location.The liver becomes almost vertical position, being guided along the uterus.On the rectum takes the pressure that often causes constipation in women.The diaphragm is lifted and fixed in this position, which gives a feeling of tightness and shortness of breath.
However, nature provides all aspects of the change, so that such tendencies are the norm.The gestational age of 40 weeks.The birth process is very complex, in which the baby passes through the birth canal head down.The duration will vary depending on the individual characteristics of the female body.
