Wildlife is rich and varied.As is well known, it is divided into four kingdoms: bacteria, plants, animals and fungi.Between these groups are enormous chasm.But there is between them and the things in common, for example, each realm there saprophytes and parasites.Let us examine this in more detail throughout.
Separation of living beings on the type of food
Every living organism for its existence requires outside entry of certain substances or energy.The process of consumption of these resources is called power.
By way of feeding all living organisms are divided into two types:
- autotrophs;
- heterotrophs.
Autotrophs - organisms capable of independently producing necessary for their organic matter from inorganic.These include most of the plants that produce their own food from carbon dioxide and water using solar energy.
Heterotrophs - being in need of ready-organic substances.This huge group of organisms within which provided further weight classifications.Heterotrophs divided into Biotroph and saprotroph.The first feed on living organisms: animals or plants.They also include and parasites adapted to this kind of life, when their host is both for them and the food and the house.
saprotroph same extract food from the dead creatures or their secretions (including feces).This group includes bacteria, plants, fungi (saprophytes) and even animals (saprophagous).They, in turn, are divided into different groups: detritus (detritus-eating), necrophages (consume dead animals), Coprophagia (eating feces), and others.
Definition The word is borrowed from another language, or rather, it combined the two Greek words: sapros - "rotten" and phyton - "plant".In biology saprophytes - it mushrooms, plants and bacteria, is used as a food necrotic tissue of animals and plants, as well as those allocated during the life of the products.They are common everywhere - in water, soil, air, and in the bodies of living creatures.
The most common saprophytes - are individuals, not causing harm to his master.The man does not even know what a great number of different microorganisms is constantly on his skin and inside the body, without causing any disease.However, under the influence of negative factors (reduced immunity, excessive increase in the number of germs), things can change, and saprophytes can cause infectious disease.
Wildlife
Saprophytes occupy an important place in the circulation of substances in nature by breaking down complex organic substances into simple, tidying the world from rotting animal carcasses.Who belongs to this group workaholic?Quite common in the world of saprophytes.Examples can be found in every kingdom.They are found in a variety among bacteria (unicellular protozoa), including fungi (mold fungi to people consume in food), among the plants (from algae to flowering plants such as orchids).
Among animals also occur saprophytes (examples, we also call them).But then they would be more correct to call or saprotroph saprophagous.In the animal world to the saprophytes are some insects (beetles, dung beetles, kozheedy, maggots and other insects), earthworms, many crustaceans (crayfish, amphipods bottom).Among the major representatives of fauna are birds (crows, vultures, vultures), some fish and a variety of animals (hyenas, bears, and all who have to eat carrion).
bacteria-saprophytes
bacteria - it is so small organisms that can only view them in the most powerful microscopes, increasing by hundreds of times.Although in real life man can not see them, to deal with the results of their work on a daily basis is necessary.So, thanks to them can exist dairy products and wine.And while some bacteria cause infectious diseases, while others have brought enormous benefit to man.
These include, for example, some E. coli and bifidobacteria that live in the human digestive tract.They help the body absorb nutrients and fight pathogenic flora.
Plants saprophitic
Although plants and are autotrophs (that is, they create for themselves the power with the help of sunlight), this does not prevent many of them to be at the same time to a certain extent and saprophytes.For the existence they need from additional organic substances from the soil.
Among the plants saprophytes - a pineapple, orchids, Begoniaceae and some cactus, as well as many mosses, ferns and algae.
Mushrooms saprophitic
Mushrooms - the ancient inhabitants of the Earth, their history goes back at least a billion years.They are so unusual that for a long time, biologists can not decide on their classification and did not know to what kingdom they carry.Indeed, the mushrooms have features characteristic of both animals and plants.As a result, they were allocated in a separate kingdom.
Mushrooms - a single- or multi-celled organisms, heterotrophs whose cells have a nucleus (eukaryotes).All mushrooms are fed by a ready absorption of organic substances from the environment, highlighting the special pre-dissolving enzymes, t. E. Digestion takes place outside the body.
By way of food mushrooms are divided into three broad groups: parasites and symbionts saprophytes.This division is also inherent in other realms.Parasites become familiar with the life of other living organisms (or even inside), entirely due to eating them.Among the edible fungus parasite is known to all of us estimates of location.
Mushrooms symbiotic although live off of other organisms, but at the same time and benefit from them, select the necessary minerals and recycling waste.Among them, white fungus, Boletus, greasers, saffron, boletus, the flywheel and many others.
fungi that feed on organic matter remaining from dead plants and animals or their secretions are called saprophytes.Examples of such fungi that are familiar to us: morels, lines, mushrooms, raincoats.Also in this category is a huge amount of mold fungi affecting products.To maximize
provide themselves with adequate nutrition, these mushrooms have an appropriate structure - long and strong mycelium, fully immersed in an edible substrate for them.
Pliers saprophitic
These small organisms - our regular neighbors that live in house dust.In large quantities, they are right in our bed - in pillows, mattresses and blankets.By themselves, they are unable to cause harm, because they do not bite humans and do not carry any infections.However, their metabolic products can be dangerous for people with allergies.
Saprophytes and parasites are able in a short period of time to fully restore their population, so do not chase the ways that promise to get rid of them completely.At observance of basic hygiene (laundry, timely replacement of mattresses and pillows, wet cleaning) can keep harmful mites saprophytes for a relatively safe and healthy level.
Conclusion As we have learned, saprophytes - are organisms that support its existence due to the consumption of dead organic material.Most of them are harmless, many useful and only a few are dangerous.Whatever it was, their existence in nature is necessary, they provide the cycling of matter and energy, without which life would stop.
