City Moscow is notable not only because it is the capital of our country.It saved a lot of cultural heritage of the country.Already in the 15th century Moscow architecture has become the spokesman of the national culture.Architecture is considered "the mother of all arts" because it not only reflects the stages of their development, but also the basis for the preservation of the frescoes, woodcarving, painting and sculpture.Architectural monuments of Moscow have incorporated many features of ancient architecture and creativity of foreign architects.The most famous of them have global importance because they are the result of historical objects and works of the great architects.Architectural monuments of the world evidence of the cultural development of various countries and major historical events.Therefore, they are protected and restored to preserve for future generations a unique heritage.
Architectural Monuments of Moscow
list of cultural heritage preserved in the capital, is very large.Especially rich in historical center of the city, but a lot of the palace and park ensembles, monasteries and entire streets in different parts of Moscow as are its attractions.What objects can relate to the monuments:
- Individual buildings and facilities, something remarkable.For example, Arseny Morozov mansion, Pashkov House, the Grand Theatre and City Hall.
- palace and park ensemble and architectural complexes, such as estate "Kuskovo" Kremlin in Izmailovo, Poklonnaya Hill Park or "Tsarina".
- the historic center.In the capital, is a world famous ensemble of the Moscow Kremlin.
- Plaza, blocks and streets.This Red and Manezhnaya Square, Arbat and the Garden Ring, Sparrow Hills and Chistoprudny Boulevard.
- Monasteries and temples, which survived a lot in Moscow.The most famous of them - it is St. Basil's Cathedral Cathedral of Christ the Savior and Novodevichy Convent.
- Objects architecture, with civil, industrial or military value, such as Ostankino TV tower, Moscow Metro, ENEA and the building of GUM.
Features Building Moscow
The oldest building of the city - Moscow Kremlin - was founded in the 12th century on a hill Borovitsky, at the mouth of the Neglinnaya River.And shape it so repeating the outlines of this peninsula.Restless atmosphere of that time demanded the construction of high walls and ramparts.Therefore, during the expansion of the city created new fortifications.So there are monuments of Moscow, as the Kitai-Gorod wall and other walls in place appeared the Boulevard and the Garden Ring.Until the 18th century most of the buildings in the capital were made of wood, and in the last century, almost all of them were replaced with stone.In addition, the feature of the development of the city were intersecting radial highways.Greatly changed the face of the capital with the arrival of Soviet power.Plans for the modernization of the city and the creation of broadband highway demanded the destruction of many monuments.Only some of them were subsequently recovered.And it was built many tall buildings, there were modern neighborhoods monotonous buildings.
Styles in the ancient architecture of Moscow
1. Wooden architecture.
All the buildings in the early centuries of the city were made of logs.The most famous of them were Church of St. Nicholas, the church of Daniel Stylite himself Moscow Kremlin.But none of the ancient wooden building in the city is not preserved.
2. Stone architecture 14 - 18 centuries.
first stone building was the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin, which has not survived to the present day.During the reign of Ivan Kalita begin to rebuild the walls of the Kremlin.And by the 16th century the main architectural ensemble of Moscow becomes almost contemporary look: the white stone walls were created, the Annunciation and the Archangel Cathedral and Palace of Facets.
3. Classicism in the Moscow architecture of 18-19 centuries.
After the fire, the majority of buildings of the city were rebuilt.To participate in the many Italian architects began to dominate in the construction of classicism.The most famous monuments of the city of Moscow this time - Pashkov House, Ostankino Estate and building of the Bolshoi Theater.
style of architecture of 19-20 centuries Moscow
1. Moscow Art Nouveau. Buildings in this style were created in the late 19th century.These include Medyntseva mansion, manor Pauline, Yaroslavsky Station, the hotel "Metropol" and many others.
2. Architecture of Moscow during the Soviet era different scale.With high speed growing new areas.The most famous building of that time - seven Stalin skyscrapers.
3. Modern architecture is represented in Moscow office buildings, business and cultural center, built in the style of post-modernism and eclecticism.This, for example, a shopping center "Nautilus" or the restaurant "White Swan".
ancient monuments of Moscow
1. Kremlin - is the most famous and ancient object of cultural heritage of the capital.He experienced a lot, witnessed the rise and fall, revolutions and wars.On its territory it is a lot of cathedrals and buildings are also monuments: the Assumption Cathedral, the Arsenal and the Senate, Diamond Fund, the Ivan the Great Bell Tower and the famous Spasskaya Tower with the Astronomical Clock.This band belongs to the World Heritage sites is mentioned in any source, which are considered monuments of the world.
2. Gostiny Dvor was also created in the 15th century and rebuilt many times.He now bears little resemblance to the architectural monument, but still is a famous landmark of Moscow.
3. Red Square around the world - a symbol of Russia.This architectural ensemble - the most visited place in Moscow.Of the surviving ancient buildings known Kazan and St. Basil's Cathedral and Resurrection Gate.
most famous monasteries and churches of Moscow with the capital
connected all the cultural and spiritual life of the country.Many of its monasteries and churches are known throughout Russia, some of which have survived since the first centuries of the city.We can say that this monument of Russian architecture, dear to the heart of every inhabitant of the country.What are the most famous?
- Novodevichy Convent, which in addition to what is applicable, is the status of the State Historical Museum.
- Donskoy Monastery - notable many beautiful churches and picturesque towers.
- Danilov Monastery - one of the oldest not only in Moscow but also in Russia.
- very picturesque church Gregory Neokesariysky with bright orange bell tower and tiled accents.
- Christ the Savior Cathedral - known for having restored in the 90s of the 20th century after complete destruction.
- St. Basil's Cathedral - one of the most famous sights of Moscow.So called St. Basil's Cathedral, located in Red Square.His bright painted domes and rich decoration it attracts many tourists.
architectural monuments destroyed during the Soviet era
accelerated development of the city and the expansion of highways in the 30-70 years of the 20th century led to the fact that more than 400 monuments of world significance were destroyed.Among them are such famous buildings as the Holy Monastery, Church of the Assumption on Pokrovka and the Armory.It was blown Christ the Savior Cathedral, which, however, subsequently restored.But many unique buildings were lost, for example, the house of the poet or the Khomyakov House Lopukhins.Greatly changed the historic center of the capital, in particular the set of demolished buildings on the street and Manezh Big Yakimanka.
The remarkable modern Moscow
Many call modern development of the city tasteless.But along with the faceless high-rise buildings can be found quite original buildings:
- interesting house- "egg" on the street Mashkov;
- business center "Pullman" on Butcher strikes an interesting combination of glass and concrete;
- residential complex "Ambassador House" interesting semi-circular and diagonal windows;
- Business Center "Kitezh" in the form of mnogopalubnogo liner.
modern Moscow struck a mixture of styles in architecture.Now it's mostly hi-tech, constructivism and modern.These are the buildings of glass and concrete stand on the streets.But the ancient monuments of Moscow is not forgotten, and attract tourists from all over the world.
