His height 50 cm, weight 3.3 kg, it has sparse hair and wrinkled skin - so outwardly looks newborn.But what his feeling that he sees appearing on the light, that feels?He responds to many stimuli acting on it?
Over the centuries, most of the questions the answer was categorical: the newborn can not see or hear.This was the famous theory of "child - the digestive tract," which argued that the child, at least for a few weeks only responds to the demands of the stomach;basically it should only feed and change.
He - as pure wax, on which an adult can all be engraved like a white sheet of paper on which you can write whatever you want.In addition, they said: "Appearing on the light, so the child is attacked, that is in complete disarray."In short, the all-powerful adult was facing a completely unarmed, and no matter what unresponsive newborn.
But maybe, these theories put forward mostly men (doctors and scientists), while the opposite view comes from women who had little chance of being heard.
In our time, there was a complete revolution in views on the newborn: he hears, sees, has a sense of smell and feels!This new theory is accepted by many.You can continue a long list of perceptions attributed to the child since birth.
Discoveries are not made in one day (except in very rare cases).In any area of opening are the result of lengthy research undertaken simultaneously by numerous researchers in many countries.
So a newborn is more developed and receptive than previously thought, and that in many areas ranging from sensory perception.
Vision
child sees from his birth, but his vision is 20 times worse than in adults;it is still unclear, vague.The child sees only the outlines of objects (mobile and fixed), located at a distance of 25-30 cm from the eye.But it's enough to respond to various newborn lighting: if the light is too bright, it is uncomfortable, blinks or closes her eyes.
Kid distinguishes shiny and red objects;it can monitor the movement of the eyes shiny red ball.It was noted that from the first days of the newborn attract oval shape, a moving object with red and shiny spots.This is not a puzzle, just so the oval corresponding to the human face.A child can follow the movements of the "face" and if at the same time talking to him, he blinks.
But although the child and draws attention to a shape similar to a human face, it does not mean that he knows some of the people around him.For this he will need a lot of time.
It was noticed that the newborn are more interested in complex patterns than simple.In the early days, if he show two pieces of paper - one gray and the other - in black and white squares, it will look at the second sheet.This is determined by observing the child through a hole in the screen: it is clear that in his cornea reflected checkered sheet.So he looks at it.
newborn vision is underdeveloped, as before the birth had not had a chance to use it (though some scientists believe that even in the womb, the child reacts to bright light).But the child's vision is to develop rapidly.Kid trying to look even at night;in the dark, he opens and closes his eyes, looking around (this observation was carried out with the help of infrared rays).
children differ significantly from each other in regard to visual acuity;it seems that some children spend time on-seed, and others - a dream.
pace of development of the child in all fields vary throughout the period of childhood.
few words in conclusion.Often it seems that the eyes mow newborn, as his eye muscles are not sufficiently developed to coordinate eye movements (but in most cases it really only seems).
Hearing
The child, he developed more than a vision, and that's okay, because the newborn heard a lot during their fetal life.Consequently, there is nothing surprising in the fact that the baby does not flinch when a door slams or a loud noise;because his ear is already trained, it can distinguish between close and distant noises.Even when the baby sleeps with clenched fists, and next to him whispering, he begins to toss and turn and blink.If the conversation goes quiet, the child begins to tinker and wake up.
course, he finds human speech, as had heard it before birth;in the opinion of all the researchers agree, but in the matter, he hears someone better - father or mother, opinions diverge.Most doctors believe that while still in the womb, the child better hears his father's voice, as it is easier to perceive low sounds, and appearing on the light, the newborn becomes more sensitive to high-pitched sounds, iethe voice of the mother.
Finally, it was noted that when the baby around is very noisy, it literally plugs the ears and thus isolate themselves from the environment.One researcher noted that the child, with whom performed a difficult test for him, began to cry, then suddenly stopped and fell asleep;when the test was completed and the equipment is turned off, the newborn immediately woke up and began to cry again.
Taste
newborn 12 hours old;if you drop it on the lips of sweet water, it looks very happy, and if lemon juice, he grimaced.A child from birth distinguish sweet, salty, sour and bitter.Sugar soothe his bitterness and acid excite.
has long been known that children appear very early taste.Nurse always knew that some foods, such as cumin, fennel, green anise, improve the taste of milk.The child is happy to suck the milk and milk production there is increased.The child who is fed commercial milk gets fresh food without any "surprises".
Smell
example, became a classic: if the newborn give a sniff two towels, one of which was in contact with the mother's breast, and the other - no, the child will turn to the first napkin.This experiment was done by the American explorer 10-day baby.But the record was beaten by a group of researchers who conducted the same experiment with the 3-day newborn.And no wonder, because thanks to smell a child learns about the closeness of the mother's breast.
Touch
newborn is very sensitive to the way it is treated.Some of his gestures calm, others - excite.Parents find it very early.However, the sensitivity of the skin and the reaction to go deep into the contact intrauterine life of the child: in the womb, he felt the surrounding liquid, touched the wall of the uterus during childbirth, he felt his whole body strong periodic contractions of the uterus, through which appeared to light.
How is possible to establish the sensitivity of the newborn?
Sometimes very simple way, in other cases - with the help of sophisticated instruments.
By simple methods include direct observation of the child's immediate reaction to the driver;he turns his head, responding to muffled, distant, or slight noise, and sometimes, on the contrary, does not respond to all these sounds;he cries or stop clapping, blinking, moving legs, straining limbs, shivers.Any subtle gesture, every grimace or cry has its value.
Since it is difficult to see everything at once, and note the researchers removed kilometers movies about babies in different situations: in the hands of the father, mother, pediatrician;to objects of various shapes and colors;under different lighting, etc.. Then, these films are viewed in slow motion;stop image, return the film back and record all reactions of the child.Thanks to these films no detail escapes the eye of the observer.
record the baby's heartbeat is also allowed to make a set of observations;because it was concluded that the newborn longer responds to the female voice than men.In the first case, the heartbeat slowed down in the second - remained unchanged.
To find out exactly what the sound responds to the baby, carried out the following experiment: he is given a pacifier, which is placed a miniature radio recording rhythm sucking movements.Then give your child to listen to the different sounds;the rhythm of his sucking movements changed, that suggests a sensitivity to the different sounds of the baby.
miniaturization of electronic devices and permit a more complex investigation.For example, using a very small microphone, introduced by the amniotic membrane after childbirth fetal bladder burst, we found out what sounds surround the child before birth.
For a newborn, which have previously been deprived of any perception, "closed" to the outside world, was ready to react to the numerous surrounding stimuli are biologically programmed for a variety of feelings.
So what is it that has changed in relation to the newborn as a result of these studies?Essentially unchanged view adult child, and attitude that will certainly have some impact on the baby.
Articles Source: ourbaby.ru
