Muslim calendar is also called "hijra" or "hidzhrat."So often in the use of the Muslim chronology say-so or such and such a year of Hijra.It is an Arabic word which means to break something, to separate the soul from the body part, but most of it has to "move from place to place."In Islamic tradition, the word is not so much taken from the Koran, how much of the hadith, the sayings of the Prophet Muhammad have.
Like many terms, revered in Islam and is used in the interpretation of theology, Islamic calendar or hidzhrat has a historical and symbolic value - which is why his first year is the beginning of the Islamic chronology.The historical significance of this term is that the word "hidzhrat" traditionally designated resettlement of Muslim communities at the head of the prophet from Mecca to Medina (which is often called the Ansar), they were forced to move away from the persecution arranged by there the pagans.The story also says that the people of Ansar joyfully greeted the first heralds of the new faith and shared with them everything they had.
That is why the year 622 marks the beginning of a new, Islamic, era and is considered the first year of hidzhrata, ie relocation of communities.In connection with this widespread in Russian literature the use of the term "hidzhrat" in the sense of "flight of the Prophet from Mecca to Medina" is incorrect, because in Islam it is believed that the Prophet migrated to Medina, doing the will of God, to spread Islam, and not to saveown life.Besides, the Islamic calendar and symbolizes the care of sin, and desire, and even the duty to spread the faith and the duty to overcome difficulties.The fact that the concept of "hidzhrat" has a figurative sense, really means "flight", but we are talking about the believer escape from all that is forbidden by God, or bring harm to others.
administration hidzhrata history associated with many beautiful stories, in particular, reflects the mutual attraction and harmony between Muslims and Christians in the time of the Prophet and his first followers.For example, one of the most significant migrations, due to which there was the Muslim calendar, the Muslim community has been committed to the Christian Ethiopia.The pagan rulers of Mecca sent to the embassy to return the refugees to their homeland, and they even sent gifts to the Ethiopian Emperor.But before he decided to talk to the Muslim community.Muslims have told him that before they were idolaters, despised the poor, unwanted daughters were buried alive in the sand.After the sermon, the Prophet, they decided to believe in one God, do good deeds, not to do harm to others, help the poor and to protect women and offended, and then they began to pursue.Emperor wept and said that in any case will not return them to their homeland.He even said that they are free to practice their faith in Ethiopia, because the source of the sermon of the Prophet and Savior (Jesus Christ) - is the same.
in 637 when Caliph Omar rules, event hidzhrata (resettlement), was regarded as the beginning of a new era, and the month when it happened (Muharram) - the first month of the year on the new chronology.Although the first day of the month - it's actually the new year according to the Muslim calendar (رأس السنة الهجرية), but no special ceremonies to celebrate this day is not provided.The first day of the first year of this calendar corresponds to July 16, 622.
year of the Islamic calendar also consists of twelve months, it is based on the lunar calendar, and on it are calculated all the major holidays.This means that the months of the new moon is calculated from one to the other and composed of the 29 of the 30 days.Thus, it appears that the Muslim lunar calendar divides the year into 354 days.In this regard, the top and each time shifted by 11 days.
