Diamond - the stone is not only popular but also the most precious of all minerals on Earth.He has always considered and continues to be a symbol of hardness, the personification of courage and a certain innocence.Its name comes from the Greek word "Adamas" which is translated into Russian as "indestructible", "irresistible".On Earth, there are about 1,000 different kinds of diamonds, including jewelry.What is the diamond, what properties it has, and how it is produced?
The diamond differs from the diamond?
Nothing.Many people mistakenly believe that the diamonds and diamonds - these are different gems.Moreover, some of them even argue with each other about which of these stones is the most expensive.Note that all disputes between individuals with respect to diamonds and diamond - it is empty talk.
fact that the diamond (photo mineral presented in the article) and diamond - one and the same rock.The difference between them is only in the fact that diamond is the primary source of minerals and diamond - it is shaped and cut diamond.In general, the word "diamond" - the French.Translated into Russian, it means "shining."
Appearance natural diamond
Looks like a diamond in its original form?Without special facet of this mineral will look very unattractive, because the surface of the precious crystals, extracted from the bowels of the earth, in most cases, is rough.In addition, it is covered by a translucent gray crust with different cracks.
Only professional diamond cutting and polishing turn it into a real diamond, playing with all the colors of the rainbow to the sun.This diamond itself in most cases, will remain transparent, like a drop of water.A true diamond dropped into a container of water, will be completely invisible.
Diamond.Description of the mineral
From the point of view of science, diamonds are minerals representing cubic allotropes of carbon.Under normal conditions, this mineral can exist indefinitely long period.If the diamond is placed in an inert gas or a vacuum at elevated temperatures, it will eventually turn into graphite.The main features of diamonds are:
- very high (among other minerals) hardness;
- highest heat-conducting ability of all existing solids;
- dispersion;
- high refractive index;
- low coefficient of friction on metal in the air;
- dielectric properties.
Diamond, which is described in this article, due to its superior hardness has excellent durability to abrasion.Moreover, these minerals have very high (compared with other mineral stones) elasticity and lowest compression ratio.
is worth noting that one of the most important properties of diamond is considered his so-called luminescence.In other words, these gemstones by ultraviolet, X-rays or cathode glow and radiate different colors, i.e.luminescence.
more about diamond color and luminescence
Diamond - stone, which usually has no colors.But sometimes these minerals still have a mild brown, yellowish, greenish or pinkish tinge.Very rarely found in nature black diamonds.With respect to jewelry embodiments, most colored gem diamonds have a brown or yellow color.
shades depend on the concentration of the defect structure of these stones.Colour can be present in the colorless diamond.Experts note that often the minerals, which can not be using a spectrophotometer to fix a defect structure, from time to time one or another shining shades, playing them in the sun.This is the effect of luminescence.
diamond jewelry
As a rule, the proportion of mined diamond jewelry in our country is no more than 25%.Naturally, in the alluvial deposits of this mineral such diamonds are much more common than in the root.Jewelry Diamond - a durable gemstone that does not have any inclusions and cracks.
Experts say that when cut diamond jewelry can observe the greatest maximum shine and play this stone.They cut completely eliminates all the natural defects, but it lost about half the original mass of the mineral.When using a special diamond cutting diamond shape and cut wings, cabochon and speed.
Diamond.The chemical composition of
How does a diamond in terms of their chemical properties?This mineral is about 99.8% consists of carbon.The remaining 0.2% - is different impurity chemical elements:
- nitrogen;
- aluminum;
- oxygen;
- silicon;
- boron;
- copper;
- manganese;
- nickel;
- iron;
- zinc;
- titanium, etc.
Diamond.Physical properties
As mentioned above, a diamond, a photo which we have presented to you, can be a colorless (clear water) and painted by the luminescence in certain shades of color.This coloration often unevenly distributed, zonal or spotting.Again, it was under the influence of various light rays vast majority of diamonds lights up all sorts of colors.
Scientists have discovered that these minerals have a unique ability to adhere to some of the fat blend.It is possible to create in the future to apply the widely known method for extracting fat diamond on different concentrators.
Diamond.Medicinal properties
This valuable mineral was used for medicinal purposes since ancient times.People cured them such mental disorders like:
- phobia;
- nervous breakdowns;
- depression;
- neuroses;
- unfounded fears.
lithotherapists Doctors say that, for example, diamond jewelry is able to adjust the nervous system, setting it to a positive state.It is believed that this mineral helps in the fight against smoking, drinking, alcoholism, drug addiction.Behind the scenes
diamonds are excellent antipyretics.Traditional healers generally recommend the use of diamond as an additional tool to the basic treatment of the following ailments:
- hepatitis;
- bronchitis;
- pneumonia;
- inflammation of the prostate gland;
- various infections;
- joint disease.
Diamond.Esoteric and magical properties
So we know what it looks like a diamond in terms of its physical and chemical properties.Now we learn how to speak of him esoteric specialists.They believe that this mineral is not only the most valuable in the world, but also the most dangerous to humans.However, this does not mean that it will only do harm to the owner.Gentle and careful attitude to his stone to awaken in him positive energy with respect to its owner.
For centuries people believed and continue to believe that diamonds bring their owners the courage, perseverance, fortitude, determination, etc.Esoteric agree.Jewellery data minerals, in their opinion, really protect people from alcohol and drug abuse, protect from the evil eye, relieve sorrow, assign certain spells.
But not all so sweet so smoothly as it might seem at first glance.Esoteric recall that diamonds are considered to be of old stones of kings, priests and nobles.Jewellery with diamonds always served faithfully ranking personalities.Unfortunately, the proud jewel in some cases may be quite indifferent to the ordinary people of the middle class.
diamond and astrology
Diamond - stone, which is the first in the zodiac circle.This mineral has exclusive power, which, by its power can not be compared with the energy of the remaining minerals.From the astrological point of view, the diamonds reflects the entire zodiac, being tacit leaders among other minerals.
According to astrologers, this mineral should be every person born under the sign of Aries.The fact that he is able to tame the power of magic anger, irritability and temper its owner.Of course, diamonds are not contraindicated and the rest of the signs of the zodiac.
Amulets and charms with diamonds
If you want to use ornaments with faceted diamonds as talismans and amulets, it is recommended to wear them as rings on the ring finger of his left hand, as a pendant around the neck or in the form of earrings.This stone must touch your skin.Talisman diamond will act only if the intention of its owner are highly moral and honest.Do not wear diamond jewelry as talismans and amulets murderers, swindlers, thieves recidivists, scams, dishonest people, etc.
As mined diamonds?
diamond production - a serious and time-consuming, since this mineral is one of the first crystallized during cooling of the mantle silicate melt, located in the bowels of the earth to a depth of 200 km.The pressure exerted on the crystallization process is 5,000 MPa.Then, under the influence of explosive processes that accompany the formation of kimberlite pipes (20% of them contained in a diamond), shall be made to the mineral surface of the Earth, from happening in the future and its production.
Geologists say that these stones may occur in plutonic rocks of the Earth, called eclogites.Curiously, the smaller diamonds at the time have been found in meteorites in rather large amounts.Diamond mining was carried out in a giant meteor craters where rock remelted much have a significant amount of fine-grained minerals.In general, commercial deposits of these stones are directly related to kimberlites and placers.The main diamond-producing countries and regions are:
- Congo (Zaire);
- South Africa;
- Namibia;
- Botswana;
- Urals;
- Yakutia.
Diamonds of Yakutia - national treasure of Russia
their second title - Yakut diamonds.Currently Yakutia cutting factories are in fact the undisputed leader in the production of these minerals in the world.Experts and jewelers say that the whole thing in a high quality diamond, located in the bowels of the Yakut land.It's hard to believe, but today even the South African diamonds has lost its status as the best diamonds in the world.
Diamonds of Yakutia, in contrast to its direct and more famous rivals can boast the world's rarest purity: absence of cracks on their surfaces and various heavy inclusions allow Yakut diamond fantastically and divinely "play" in the sun, artfully breaking the rays of light.However, despite its clear advantages, these stones are not widely available in our country.
quality diamonds produced in Russia, of course, should not be questioned.Apparently, the culprit still remnants of the Soviet ideology, according to which the diamonds are of exceptional value only in the defense industry.Currently, 80% of all diamonds mined in Russia is exported to European and Western elite jewelry stores.
