form state.device - a kind of administrative-territorial principle of reproduction of political power, organized in such a way as to achieve maximum effectiveness of governance.The latter, as we know, is quite difficult organized structure, which are woven together a plurality of individual, collective and class interests.Therefore, with the aim to optimize the management structure, the state on its territory artificially divides the space into relatively independent entities, which reproduces identical management structures (public institutions and their representatives).
concept and forms of state.Device
Thus, it is not just about optimizing the principle of the territorial arrangement of power, but of fixing the model of vertical or horizontal control.In democratic states, the main control functions are distributed between the local (municipal) government.The state in this case only performs the functions of supervision, control and strategic planning.In authoritarian regimes, by contrast, the emphasis is on building a "vertical of power", a hierarchical clan control.Therefore, the basic functionality is given to political administrations, controlled from the center.
form state.the device also depends on entrenched practices and historical features of the device.It is believed that in the world there are three main forms - the unitary, federal and democratic.Let us consider them in order.
unitary state - a country where the regions do not have the right to autonomy.And because they can not conduct its own domestic and foreign policy, as well as have their representation in the international arena.However, there are also "generally" unitary state but with its internal autonomous entities, such as Ukraine and Spain.Often, such an imbalance between the different territories provokes conflict situations, especially when autonomy is a significant economic potential.Form of state.the device in such countries is extremely unstable and can change under the pressure of both internal and external factors.
Federated States usually formed on the basis of separate sovereign territories, similar mentally, culturally and ethnically.This type is widely represented the former empire and the areas that were going to extralegal means, - Germany, the United States, the Russian Federation.In this case, the form of state.the device is oriented as to consolidate national integrity, and the political and economic hold potential conflict areas.Note that here there is the transfer of part of the sovereign rights of the federal center in exchange for security guarantees.Therefore, despite the complexity of the historical past, these countries are strong "stapled" entities united by one idea and "plan" development, cementing the uniqueness of the nation.
Confederation - this is a temporary formation of sovereign states to achieve certain goals.This form of state.device - a rare phenomenon, and practically does not occur in the modern world.
form state.Device Russian - Federation, which consists of republics, territories, autonomous regions and municipalities.This complex structure is due to two factors.Firstly, especially ethnic and national structure of the Russian state.And in the toryh, significant territorial area, which is easier to manage on the basis of relatively small administrative units (subjects).
