the Great Patriotic War is written much.A special place in the literature on this subject, takes the so-called "lieutenants", or "trench" prose that appeared in 50-60s.It works by former soldiers, on their own experience has known the horrors of trench life and an open battlefield.Their thoughts and feelings are very important to the reader as they wrote about what they saw with their own eyes.Among them, the story of Konstantin Vorobyov "were killed near Moscow," written in 1961 and published two years later in the journal "New World".
writers embraced the veterans of this work as a sensation.However, official circles were unhappy with a particular author's approach to the image of war.As a result of the writer's name was erased permanently from the Soviet literature, which was quite a shock for him.Only in the 80s, after the death of K. Vorobiev, to the fore again, including in connection with another previously unpublished works on the military theme - "It's us, Lord!»
autobiographical story
fate of the writer can not be called simple.Even before the war K. Vorobiev, whose childhood and youth in the Kursk region, was in Moscow.The reason was the verses, written on the death of Kuibyshev and containing unflattering remarks about Stalin.The future writer had to leave his native city, which saved him from quite predictable consequences.
Moscow Vorobyov, who had a growth of 1.83 m and a note in his autobiography, "peasant", was among the cadets, of which the company was formed Kremlin.This was the beginning of the tragic events that are included in the work of later "killed near Moscow."
In October 1941, when the Nazi forces launched a large-scale attack on the capital, and the Soviet often got surrounded and were forced to retreat, had no military experience, armed only with rifles, old-style (with the fighting in the First World) young cadets, including K. Vorobiev, were sent to the front.The problem for them has been clearly defined - to protect the approaches to Moscow.And then - a meeting on the way to the front of the troops of the NKVD, designed to monitor their own in time of war;first fight under wedge for most of yesterday's cadets was the last;prisoner, and finally successfully arranged after several attempts to escape, the underground guerrilla detachment camp already in the country.All of this has been experienced writer, and then described it very truthful and have come to the authorities do not like novels and stories, in the long term become inaccessible to the reader.
Summary
«killed near Moscow" - is the story of a very short (story covers the time period of 5 days) stay at the front of two hundred and forty young, physically strong, healthy students.Slender ranks, all as on selection, the young soldiers at the beginning of the work steps to the front line.They are optimistic and are in an ecstatic state because of anticipation of future deeds.However, the reader from the first page awaits a tragic outcome - the name brings to this story.Indeed, after a few days of living will be only one of them - as yet young and inexperienced officer Alex Hawks.All the other 239 soldiers are killed near Moscow.Analysis of the causes of these terrible events and formed the basis for the story.
As you explore the contents of the reader comes to the horrifying conclusion.In fact, it was quite simple: the young soldier is almost used as cannon fodder by giving to the destruction of the enemy armed forces.The author tells how they were sent to fight with rifles, several grenades and Molotov cocktails - did not have guns.Initially, causing outrage acts more experienced commanders and their analysis.Killed near Moscow young guys were their fault.I remember the order of the need to retreat in turmoil sent from headquarters are not in shape.As a result, time to rescue the children was missing, as Ryumin, commander of the regiment, in all accustomed to the order, did not trust his oral transmission via unknown soldier, and was expecting written confirmation.And the false belief that the reinforcements will arrive soon, which put the lives of two hundred and fifty unarmed boys practically dependent on those who have long been easy to decide the fate of many people.
history of personality Alexei Yastrebova
protagonist of the tale of K. Vorobyov "killed near Moscow" - a young lieutenant, only two weeks ago won the title and sent to command the regiment of cadets.The reader witnesses how difficult going Mougins Alexei Yastrebova.The new position is given to him with difficulty, his first orders he gives a ringing uncertain voice and every time looks around, hoping to see next to a more experienced friend, what were the regimental commander and political instructor Ryumin Anisimov.For him, all the first time - this focuses Konstantin Vorobyov."Killed near Moscow" - a story of events, telling about the spiritual formation of character.Before the eyes of the reader passes and suddenly the battle unfolded.And the first murder of a German in which Alex at the moment does not see the enemy, but the man (sense of the enemy will come later, as a result experienced).And frightened student, pressed to the ground in an attempt to escape.At first, he was associated with the lieutenant traitor, as the Hawks did not immediately realize that he himself at this point behaves in a similar way, as is trying to run away.It was not clear and that, as a cadet could ask Yastrebova shoot him - it would have saved from possible capture.Only after some time, Alex understands and is aware of the fact that, faced with death, the person becomes weak and is capable of things that previously caused his condemnation: to kill a friend or yourself to escape or hide in an attempt to defend himself.And the fact that the death of any innocent students was the result of decisions made there, in Moscow, where adult men, many of whom did not know the war personally, easily sent to the death of "his" sons.
Thus, the psychological maturation of the hero at the center of the story - that it helps to understand its analysis."Killed near Moscow" - unique work, because it makes us think not only of the horrors of fascism, but also on the role played in an event occurs an individual and a system developed in the Soviet Union.
Realism Vorobyov
Another advantage is the story (it is unanimously recognized writer-soldier) that it is a war within, no glitz and desire something to embellish.As a result, shortly after the publication in 1963, the story "were killed near Moscow" for a long time was among the prohibited products.
What emerged realism writer in the image of the war?
First of all, the reader is presented ordinary people: their doubts and fears, perplexity and despair.Their behavior in the minutes of battle is naturally: they are powerless to change anything, and often do not fully understand what is happening.Feelings clear to everyone - the fear of death, the desire to protect themselves - did not detract from the merits of the young guys, and it pays special attention to Konstantin Vorobyov."Killed near Moscow" - this book is not for those who, like Major General Pereverzev, ripped off his insignia and tried to escape.Its heroes - people who understand themselves a part of a great nation, fighting for the liberation of their homeland.The initial idea of the battlefield as a place for feats replaced instantly matured awareness of the general unhappiness boys who find themselves a terrible blow for a quiet peaceful life.
naturalistic episode drawn by the author with a torn foot in the boot, first as a surprise to Alexei: Who put it there?And still can not forget the suffering of the wounded in the stomach and died Anisimova, kept saying, "Cut ...", and next to him on his overcoat, "swirling coil of something living" - a perception of Alexis.It seems that from the pages of the novel K. Vorobyov says one soldier was killed near Moscow.
role of bout with mechanized infantry battalion
Another character, important for understanding the author's intention - Captain Ryumin, who from the beginning was for the students a role model.And it is quite consistent to what was supposed to be a real officer.Someone may confuse readers of the episode in the village.Why Ryumin was required to engage in a senseless battle that nothing would be able to change, because the fate of the company foregone conclusion?The answer is actually quite simple.Ryumin realizes that his subordinates were doomed, and gives them the opportunity to feel the real death of the soldiers.Indeed, the students came from the battlefield grown up, to feel personal involvement to save the country.They are not shouting loud slogans, but fully experienced the happiness of his first victory.One could argue that this feeling had each killed by soldiers near Moscow, since it was a defense of the capital - the heart of his native country.
final scene of the novel
last page to read the work difficult.The reader has seen how carefree, dreaming about the heroism of the boys five days matured and turned into real men, a new way to evaluate themselves and comrades.Alex Hawks, who witnessed many deaths and how died Ryumin, consciously pulls out a Molotov death and thrown in the tank.At this point he is not afraid to die and performs the feat and just casually, without thinking about it.So the price of victory is attained, that does not see the soldiers killed near Moscow.Short memories of Alexei native home of his grandfather in a moment cramped for him in one piece and the past and the present.Now he opened some other, not driven before the truth about why things are done.Resulting in the 5 days experience completely changed his outlook, as seen by the cruelty of the soul nurtured hatred for the enemy.
Psychological component product
important place in the story of K. Vorobyov "killed near Moscow" occupy internal monologues of the young Alexei Yastrebova and more experienced company commander Captain Rumin, more aware of the tragedy of the situation and has been implicated himself in what happens.Last brought the party and used to rely on a theoretical calculation.He believed that he could control the situation, but soon realizes that all his ideas turned out to be an illusion.Ryumin could not bear the pangs of conscience and committed suicide.It was not his fault that all this happened, but he issued a verdict.Particularly noteworthy are the last words of the captain, who represent the true culprit is happening: "Scoundrel!After all, it was shown to us even in Spain! "They contain a clear reference to Stalin.For example, in the development of actions and changes outlook captain, as evidenced by his actions, the evaluation of events, reflections and analysis."Killed near Moscow" - a work that shows how people in war is tested on humanism.It soon becomes clear who is who.
The original version of the ending of the story
How long has it: a few minutes or hours - Alex did not understand.He woke up from what he was dragged from the tomb of strong arms, and heard over the head of the German language and friendly laughter."... The back and place on the body where the Germans kicked his boot, it has long been warm and gratifying ..." Alex got up and saw burning with stacks, which were hidden to stay alive cadets.This initial version of the end of the story "were killed near Moscow."Analysis of the final - it was recommended to the author to alter and make more optimistic - leads to the conclusion of how tragic was the first month of the war for the Soviet country.But it was only in the archives.Vorobiev himself believed that the final version of the product no less reflected the full horror of what had to face on the front of "newcomers".Especially that Alexei, escaped from hell, was a completely different person: a seasoned, much to rethink that can protect those who depended on him.Open final assumes an ambiguous outcome of events, but leaves the hope that the hero would still be able to escape, and it will contribute to the victory.
value story
Humanism, duty, heroism, formation of the human person, the responsibility for their actions, the ability to empathize and understand another - on these complicated concepts in his work, says K. Vorobyov."Killed near Moscow" - a short story about an episode from the life of the author, a kind of warning, which is a documentary, in some cases even confessional character.What happened in the terrible forties - is the main idea of the author - we must not forget in any case.
Features "lieutenants' prose
works created in 50-60s, are different from those that were written during the war or immediately after its completion.The description of the events added to their in-depth analysis."Killed near Moscow" - is no exception.V. Astafjevs noted that the story can not be read just like that, she can not leave anyone indifferent.From her fists are compressed and there is only one desire: that is never repeated.It is a recognition that K. Vorobiev able to fully show the inhumanity of such a confrontation, get to think about how much it cost to human life.And yet - to define the role in the war all forces had attitude to it, including the state and its leadership.
