specificity of cultivation of major crops involves multiple passes through the field of various heavy equipment: tractors, trailer, etc.Such factors significantly compacted soil, negatively altering its agronomic performance.
In addition, when the annual plowing and tillage Rotary Hoes formed, the so-called plow sole - packed bed at a depth of 20-30 cm.
This compacted layer prevents the penetration of precipitation and irrigation water into the lower layers of the soil, as well as the rise of soilup moisture.Deteriorating aeration of the root zone of plants, reduced microbial activity and nutrient cycling.The roots of agricultural plants often can not penetrate deeper plow sole access to nutrients and moisture.The result is much reduced plant growth and development, the accumulation of moisture and nutrients, and, ultimately, and yield.
particularly acute problem is soil compaction in orchards and vineyards, where all the equipment moves between rows only one possible track.This causes severe soil compaction in those areas, which seriously affects drainage.Later, after the rains this track is going to water, greatly impairing patency technology and reducing the flow of air into the root zone of fruit trees.
similar situation is common in vegetable growing, which uses a tramline in preparing the soil for sowing, fertilising, spraying, and also when cleaning.
only true solution to this problem is the use of deep loosening.For this purpose it has been developed agricultural machinery - chisel.
design of these machines is the frame on which there are several racks legs for loosening.In the back of Chisel section usually installed with disks or rollers to further align and seal the soil of crop residues.By the principle of connection to the tractor, these machines are divided into the following types: mounted and towed.
Racks Chisel usually have a special system for overload protection - stones or areas with very dense soil.This system is a special bolt that when the maximum load is cut off and the stand out back, thereby preventing damage of the rack and the machine frame.It is also used to protect a variety of hydraulic cylinders, when the meeting with an obstacle rack moves back and then automatically returns under the influence of hydraulics.
Paws for loosening may have additional horizontal blades, which improves loosening due to the formation of lateral cracks in the soil.Sometimes, for the same purpose used vibrating rack driven by the PTO of the tractor.
Chisel widths of over 3 meters typically have a folding frame for easy transport.As additional options on the machine can be installed side scuff plates and a device for applying fertilizers.
main advantages of deep loosening are:
- absence of lumps on the surface of the soil, as in plowing.
- improve the physical properties of the soil: a decrease in density and increase in porosity.
- Improving water properties of soil: drainage and water permeability.
- Better aeration of the roots of crops.
- flow of nutrients into the deeper layers of the soil.
Using Chisel can improve crop yields, saving on fuel due to the lighter subsequent tillage other instruments, as well as, in some cases, and replace the plowing is the most difficult and energy intensive processing methods.
conduct this Agrotechnological receive 1 recommended every 2-3 years to a depth of 50-70 cm, combining with application of mineral or organic fertilizers.
