Pipeline Transport - an integral and important component of the fuel and energy complex of the Russian state.The country has an extensive and highly developed network of main oil pipelines and gas pipelines that stretch for thousands of kilometers through the territory of the many subjects of the Federation.Today, Russia is the only industrialized world powers not only fully satisfies domestic demand for petroleum products, but also is one of the leading exporters in the world.
Thus, the development of pipeline transport for the Russian Federation is a vital economic and political necessity, since it does not depend on the transit of gas and oil transport systems of neighboring countries, when it comes to the supply of raw material to foreign markets.Pipeline transportation of oil, is a kind of blood arteries of the modern world, moreover, serves as an effective tool for the implementation and the key foreign policy objectives by regulating the supply of petroleum products to various foreign consumers.
timely and uninterrupted supply of mined and processed oil and gas to various domestic enterprises has beneficial effects on the overall economic strength of the country and contribute to its further strengthening.In addition, the pipeline transport stimulates development of Energy not only at the national level, but also on the scale of individual regions.
Such transport of oil, the importance of which is determined by a large remote locations of the final consumer, it occupies a very important position in the export balance of the country, ensuring the economic viability of the pumping of raw and processed energy resources and acting as distribution system.
The main advantages of this method of delivery of liquid and gaseous energy resources could be considered the possibility of widespread laying of pipelines;low cost of transportation;preservation of exceptional quality raw materials due to the perfect sealing line;low capital- and material;complete automation of all processes of loading, transferring, transporting and unloading of raw materials;the small number of staff;high ecological system.
Pipeline transportation is a set of highways of thick steel tubes with a diameter of about 1500 mm, laid at a depth of two meters.Pipelines necessarily equipped with special high-tech equipment for degassing, heating and dehydration of crude oil.In order to maintain the desired pressure in the piping system every hundred - a hundred and fifty kilometers of installed pumping stations.
Today, the total length of the pipeline routes in Russia is more than 217-thousand kilometers.Under this system, all the gas transported, 99% of crude oil directly from the place of production, more than half of the total volume of petroleum products.Pipelines Russia is developing rapidly.In particular, it is planned to construct several new routes in the direction of the Caspian region and the Gulf for domestic supplies of petroleum products to the vast Pacific-Asian markets.
