Fifty years ago, American scientist Milgram conducted an experiment, which the scientific world has plunged into shock.Its outcome was discouraged himself initiator.Investigations later called "Milgram experiment" discussed so far.So stunning was the result.
Social psychology - the section of psychology who studies human behavior and mental phenomena that arise in the process of interaction and communication between people in different groups - organized and spontaneous.This science came in 1908, when two psychologists published their book.William McDougall wrote "Introduction to Social Psychology" and Edward Ross described his work simply - "Social Psychology".
experiment did not go according to plan
While Milgram worked on the theme of the guilt of the German people in fascism.His research psychologist wanted to show people in Germany the difference between a democratic nation (America) and the Germans as a non-democratic nation.He was sure that a man who grew up in a democratic society and professes its value can not be forced to commit violence against another person.Milgram experiment was planned in two stages - in the US and in Germany.But just after the first experience with the Americans, it took a series of additional.After that, the need for a trip to the "undemocratic" the Germans disappeared.
Milgram experiment: our wrong side
Studies uchuvstvovat group of people for 3 people - "teacher", "experimenter" and "student".And guinea was a "teacher" and he did not even suspected.The rest - good actors.All subjects 'teacher' - healthy, both physically and mentally middle-class.None of them not involved in law enforcement and was not seen by a psychiatrist.
experimental explained that the purpose of an experiment to study the effect of pain on memory.Tied to a chair with electrodes, "student" should learn a word from a long list, "teacher" and check if there were mistakes, punished discharge current."Experimenter" watched and directed the actions of the subject.With each wrong answer, the student allegedly received electric shock on 15 more than the previous.Experience started with a mark of 45 in the upper limit - 450 - has been designated as a lethal.At around 150 in the "student" asked to stop the experiment and the "experimenter" insisted on continuing.The actor, who was allegedly beaten shock, pain portrayed very realistically, begged to let him go, and complained of a bad heart.Seeing the hesitation "teacher", "experimenter" assured that all the responsibility takes over, and he did it without threats and promises of rewards.
forecasts and results
Prior to the experiment, Milgram interviewed four dozen colleagues.And as one was sure to reach a lethal level of just one person in 1000. A majority of Americans do not succumb to pressure.The same idea stuck, and the experimenter himself.But after the first trial experiment conducted in the state of Connecticut, the psychologist had to say that because of the huge amount of obedience, he did not see any sense in carrying out the second stage of studies in Germany.
Of the 40 subjects (20 to 50 years) to the highest mark reached 26 people.65% of potential executioners - did not expect one.Milgram's experiment was repeated many times over several years.But two-thirds of "teachers" is also subject to all the instructions "experimenters" and reached the deaths of 450 V. Milgram verdict handed down by the Americans, it was terrible.He said that if America were concentration camps like the Nazis, then the employees they would be fully provided.
