Probably each of us more than once heard the phrase: Kostroma GRES, GRES Zaporizhia, Konakovo GRES and a lot of other names of towns and villages (and even entire states), together with the letters of TPP.The interpretation of these letters (abbreviations), indicating some kind of phrase is: state district power station (GRES).In the world of the very first power plant, called "Power Transmission", built in the suburbs of Moscow in 1912 - 1914 years.He developed projects and supervised the construction of a Russian engineer R.E.Klasson.Power worked on local fuel - peat.And had a capacity of 15 MW.It provides electricity to the growing needs of Moscow and adjacent areas.
By the end of the twentieth century, the term GRES transcript lost "district", and in the early 2000s, and the "state" part, becausepowerful thermal power plants have not served the area, and the entire administrative areas and even the whole country's independence.For example, almost all of Estonia provide electricity to two powerful plant - Baltic (1,654 GWh) and Estonia - 1.6 GW.In Lithuania, a state district power station (Lithuanian - 1.8 GW) also provides most of the country so needs an independent power.The Russian Federation has operated more than 250 thermal power stations (mainly CHP and TPP), almost all of them were built during the Soviet era."State" of the term has become in many cases, private or shareholder.
Today, the term GRES, deciphering which is practically useless, as has been shown previously, the words "State District" is replaced, often, by the term functional description of "condensation."Namely - "condensing plant" (IES).The term TPP transcript which has lost its significance, used for the inertia of thinking, or out of habit.
Some of these plants - hydroelectric power station, or, more precisely, the IES include Serov and Yekaterinburg in the field (in the town of Serov) and Ryazan (Ryazan region of the same name, in the village of Novomichurinsk).
Serov GRES put into operation in 1954 and has a total capacity of 538 MW.In addition, heating is used to heat a part of its capacity at a rate of 220 Gcal / h.The power station is located near the river Sosva, from which she takes water for its operation.Fuel used two types: primary - coal from Kazakhstan (Ekibastuz coal basin), and the Russian natural gas (as a reserve fuel).
In 2010, decided to upgrade at the Serov GRES - to build a new power unit of 419.5 MW.This unit will be combined cycle, the manufacturer - the company "Siemens" (Germany).Due to the efficiency of the combined cycle technology unit rises to 58% and more.Start a new part is scheduled for 2014.
Ryazan GRES - condensation thermal power plant design capacity of 3600 MW.One of the largest power plants in the USSR.Its name is not the nearest town, and in the regional center.The power station in the Soviet period was 2 650 MW and for heat she gave 180 Gcal / h.In Soviet times, the construction project was laid four units of 300 MW and three 800 MW.It was built four 300 MW and two 800 MW.Fuel used - Moscow coal and fuel oil.Her two chimneys in the world including ultrahigh pipes (their height - 320 meters).Subsequently added to the fuel gas.In recent years, the operating stations have modernized (mounted gas turbine unit with electric) and its capacity increased to 3 200 MW.
