Bolsheviks came to power, the date of which coincided with the date of the Great October Socialist Revolution (November 7 1917 to the modern calendar), appeared in the spring of that year, an event impossible for many people in the Russian Empire.The fact that this branch of the Social-Democratic Labour Party, headed by VILenin almost until the very last months of the revolution are not very popular with the most important classes in the society of the time.
The roots of the political party of the Bolsheviks
ideological basis of the party emerged in the early 90s of the 19th century in the environment of the former populists, who went to the people, and had seen the problems of the peasantry, that would be solved by radical redistribution of land, including the landlords'.These agricultural problems lasted more than one decade and in part led to the coming to power of the Bolsheviks.In connection with the failure of the populist direction and the activation of the working class, the former leaders of Populism (Plekhanov, Zasulich, Axelrod et al.) Adopted the experience of Western fighting reconsidered revolutionary strategy acquainted with the writings of Marx and Engels, translated into Russian, and began to develop the theory of everythinglife in Russia on the basis of the Marxist theory.The party was founded in 1898, and in 1903, at the second congress of the movement broke up into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks for ideological reasons.
dreamed of an uprising more than a decade
Bolsheviks came to power this political group was preparing for a long time.During the revolution of 1905-07.This organization met in London (Mensheviks - in Geneva), where it was decided on the armed uprising.In general, the Social Democrats had at that time wanted to destroy the tsarist government by organizing insurrections in the armed forces (the Black Sea Fleet in Odessa) and undermine the financial system (called on to take deposits from banks and not paying taxes).They are delivered in Russian weapons and explosives (group Krasin), robbed banks (Helsingfors Bank, 1906).
They could not enter the official authorities
Bolsheviks came to power Russia's "official channels" formed before the revolution failed.They boycotted the elections in the State Duma of the first, the second is received fewer seats than the Mensheviks (15 posts).The advisory body of the country, the Bolsheviks were delayed briefly as members of their faction were detained when trying to start an uprising with the help of the St. Petersburg garrison.All Duma members were arrested by the Bolsheviks, and the convocation of the Duma itself dissolved.
As promised potential Russian Bolsheviks came to power?Briefly it is possible to learn from the decisions of the London (fifth) of the Congress Party, which in 1907 had been taken of the "maximum" and "minimum".The minimum for the Russian bourgeois revolution was provided with the shortening of the working day to 8 hours, the overthrow of the autocracy, the establishment of democratic elections and freedom, the introduction of local government, the provision of the right to self-determination of nations, the abolition of fines and the return of land to the peasants cuts.The maximum in the Russian Empire was supposed to happen a proletarian revolution and the transition to socialism with the establishment of the dictates of the proletarian masses.
situation in Russia after 1907 continued to be severe.The reason that the Bolsheviks came to power in the future was possible, was that the king's reforms of that time did not give significant results, the agrarian question was not resolved, the First World War, after the defeat at Tanennbergom conducted already in Russia and led to hyperinflation,disruption of food supply of cities, starvation in the villages.
disintegration of the army contributed to the revolution
The war killed about 2 million. Soldiers and almost one million civilians, was produced a huge mobilization (15 million. People), the bulk of which is accounted for farmers, many of whom, along with the revolutionary workers came inarmy with sympathy for the Socialist-Revolutionary ideas about getting the peasants land landlord.The set was so great that many people do not even sworn, not to mention the patriotic education.But opponents of the tsarist regime were active in the promotion of the ideas that led to the failure of the Cossacks and soldiers to suppress popular demonstrations back in 1915 - 1916 years.
In Tsarist regime left few supporters
reasons for coming to power of the Bolsheviks or any other political force in 1917 concluded that the Tsarist regime in the circumstances, was too weak economically and politically.This directly Nicholas II held the detached position (or was deprived of sufficient information about the real state of affairs).This gave, for example, the opportunity in February 1917 to close the Putilov factory and "throw" on the streets of St. Petersburg, about 36 thousand people, some of whom were influenced by revolutionary ideas of the Bolsheviks and became involved in labor strikes in other factories.The emperor at the time could not even rely on his guard, as most of its pre-war composition was killed at the front and replaced mobilized soldiers from different classes.Against the king had many political forces of the country, which, however, were both in opposition to each other, as each party had its own plan for development of the state.
Few expected that the Bolsheviks win
As of April 1917 many thought that the Bolsheviks came to power impossible, since the bulk of the population, farmers increasingly, supported the Socialist-Revolutionaries, the industrialists had their own party, the intelligentsia - his own, there were several parties that support monarchy.April Theses, Lenin did not find the response among the Socialist-Revolutionaries, Mensheviks and many Bolsheviks as leader offered to give up defensive positions on the war and make peace (maybe just for this Germany "did not notice", as Lenin arrived in Petrograd through its territory under sealcar).Therefore, the reasons for coming to power, the Bolsheviks were, in particular, and foreign.In addition, the thesis proposed the dissolution of the Provisional Government and the transfer of power to the soviets, along with the nationalization of the land, rather than be transferred to the peasant communities that did not add the supporters of Lenin's popularity.
unsuccessful attempt
Bolsheviks came to power (1917) was accompanied by attempts to lead the country before November.In June of the same year, the First Congress of Workers 'and Soldiers' Deputies (All-Russia) revealed that the Bolsheviks in importance were in third place among the Socialists.The congress delegates rejected Lenin's proposal to end the war and the abolition of the existing authorities.However, keep in mind that by the time under the influence of the Bolsheviks were already soldiers regiments, including stationed in Petrograd The first machine gun regiment (11, 3 thousand soldiers) Kronstadt sailors and naval base.Influence of the party of Lenin in the military environment has led to the fact that an attempt to take the Tauride Palace (the headquarters of the Provisional Government) was launched in July 1917.These days, the palace came Putilov workers, soldiers, sailors, but the organization of "offensive" was so bad, that the purpose of the Bolsheviks failed.This was facilitated by another part that the Minister of Justice Pereverzev Provisional Government had to prepare and paste up newspaper in the city where Lenin and his associates were presented as German spies.
Changing governments and direct capture
What other process is accompanied by the rise to power of the Bolsheviks?Year of the commission of the Great October Revolution was rich in various events.By the autumn it becomes apparent that the interim government can not cope with anarchy, therefore, a new body - the Pre-parliament, in which the Bolsheviks had only 1 \ 10 of the seats.At the same time Lenin's party wins a majority on the boards of major cities, including up to 90% in the Petrograd and about 80% in Moscow.It is supported by the soldiers' committees Western and Northern fronts, and among the peasants it is still not very popular - in the middle of rural Soviets Bolshevik deputies did not exist.
How does itself was the Bolsheviks came to power?Briefly events developed as follows:
- In October, Lenin secretly arrived in Petrograd, where he began to promote a new uprising, do not support it, Kamenev and Trotsky.The second while offering await the decision of the Second Congress of Soviets (All-Russia), scheduled for 20 and transferred on October 25 (old style).
- October 18, 1917 (under Art. Style) in the garrisons of Petrograd regiments was meeting where it was decided to carry out an armed uprising against the government if it initiates the Soviet city (where the Bolsheviks had 90% of the vote).Five days later, the Bolsheviks moved the garrison of the fortress.On the side of the Provisional Government proved cadets from military schools and schools of ensigns, impact women's company, the Cossacks.
- October 24 the Bolsheviks seized power the telegraph, the news agency by which summoned from Kronshtadt warships.They did not give the cadets to dissolve the bridge.
- On the night of 24 to 25 October the Bolsheviks were able to capture the central office, the State Bank, the Warsaw Station, disconnect the power supply of the central government buildings, bring the Neva cruiser "Aurora".By noon, the "revolutionary masses" took the Mariinsky Palace.Storming the Winter Palace was made late at night, after the preliminary firing his cannon of the cruiser "Aurora".At 2 hours 10 minutes 26 October Provisional Government surrendered.
Revolution led to an increase in the number of victims
consequences of the coming to power of the Bolsheviks were damaging to Russia as a result of winning them passed power in Petrograd (almost in its entirety, with the exception of the City Duma of Petrograd), was formedthe new government of the Bolsheviks led by Lenin (the Council of People's Commissars).But a large part of the country not controlled by them, which led to civil war, the further collapse of the economy, which led, inter alia, to famine and numerous victims.
