Evolutionary theory - the sum of all ideas about the laws, the mechanisms of changes in the organic nature.According to him, all the currently existing types of organisms descended from their distant "relatives" by long-term changes.It is analyzing the way in which there is a development of individual organisms (ontogeny), is considering the development of coherent groups of organisms (phylogeny) and their adaptation.
Evolutionary theory has its roots in antiquity, where natural scientists, philosophers of ancient Greece and Rome (Aristotle, Democritus, Anaxagoras ...) expressed their suggestions on the development and transformation of organisms.However, these conclusions are not based on scientific knowledge and had the character purely guesswork.In the Middle Ages in the development of this doctrine was stagnant.This was due to the dominance of religious dogma and scholasticism.Thus, in the Christian world for a long time in the lead creationist viewpoint.Despite this, some scholars have expressed their opinion on the existence of monsters, as evidenced by the finds were fossils.
In the process of accumulation of facts in the 18th century, a new trend - transformism in which studied the variability of species.Representatives exercises were scholars such as J. Byuffoni, E. Darwin E. Geoffroy Saint-Ilervo.Their theory of evolution as evidence was two facts: the existence of transitional forms of interspecific similarity of the structure of animals and plants that are in the same group.However, none of these figures are not talking about the causes of the changes.
Only in 1809 there was a Lamarckian theory of evolution, which was reflected in the book "The Philosophy of Zoology".Here for the first time it raised the question about the causes of changes in the forms.He believed that because of the changing environment and the changing views of themselves.Moreover, he has entered gradation, i.e.transition from lower forms to higher.This evolutionary development, according to Lamarck, is inherent in all living things and is based on the pursuit of excellence.
observations of the natural world led him to two main provisions, which are reflected in the law "neuprazhneniya - exercise."According to him, the bodies are developing as they are used, then there is a "succession of favorable properties," ie,favorable signs handed down from generation to generation in the future, or their continued development, or they disappeared.However, Lamarck's work was not appreciated in the scientific world, is not published a book Darwin's "On the Origin of Species."Given in her arguments in favor of evolutionary development we have made it very popular.However, the scientist was a supporter of the heritability of acquired characteristics.However, the detected contradictions were so severe that contributed to the revival of Lamarckism as the neolamarkizma.
Even after a long time of research biologists led to what appeared a synthetic theory of evolution.(STE).It has no clear date of origin and an author, and is the collective work of scientists.Despite the fact that the authors had a lot of divergent views, some of the provisions is not in doubt: the elementary unit of evolution is represented by the local population;material for evolutionary development are recombination and mutational variability;the main reason for the development of adaptations is natural selection;neutral signs are formed due to genetic drift and some other provisions.
Currently, a large number of scientists use the term "modern evolutionary theory."It does not require a concept of evolution and at the same time its main achievement is the fact that when saltatsionnye alternate with gradual change.
