Chemical bond - a rather complex concept, which was formed a long time, based on the teachings and ideas about the structure of the atom.For example, in centuries XVI -XVIIwere the first attempts to explain the chemical similarity based on the corpuscular doctrine.Boyle, thought the driving force of chemical reactions is the coincidence of particles of the type of lock-key t. E. Atoms are "going" and "understood" to form new substances.Later, in the XVIII century.replace the mechanical theory comes dynamic, which was a supporter of Newton.He believed that the cause of the chemical similarity are the attractive forces of varying intensity.In the nineteenth century.Electrochemical period begins.At this time, the German chemist A. Kekule suggested that the valence is the number of chemical bonds of the atom.Using this assertion depictions of structural formulas of the molecules in which the dash refers to a chemical bond.It was all the prerequisites to explain the concept of "chemical communication", which is fully formed only after the discovery of the electron.It was then hypothesized that the substances are formed by the displacement or shift of electrons from one atom to another.Over time, this assumption has found scientific evidence and is now being used, arguing that a chemical bond is formed by the interaction of electrons and nuclei of all atoms that are part of the molecules.
Explain the nature of electronic communication will help a hydrogen atom.It is known that it contains one unpaired electron, which is the first energy level.When two hydrogen atoms of the core of one of them begins to attract electrons of another, and vice versa.Mezhuyev atoms interaction occurs, the distance between them decreases, the mutual attraction is balanced by the repulsion of the nuclei.The molecule, which has just formed, the electron density is increased.These two electronic clouds of elementary particles combine to form one electron cloud of the molecule.Simply put, the chemical bond is the result of overlapping of the electron orbitals of different atoms by the interaction of unpaired electrons.
However, not all the atoms interact with each other.Thus, do not overlap the electron shells of inert gases, i.e.they remain stable.On the basis of generally worded Lewis octet, which states that the atoms of all elements in the formation of chemical bonds tend to change the configuration of the electron shell to the nearest inert gas, giving or join electrons.
Existing Substances are several types of communication.So, there is ionic, metallic, covalent, donor-acceptor.For example, chemical bonding of metals exists only in metallic elements.It is formed by the impact of electrons 1-2 each atom, ie,near particles are "divided" electrons, which form a kind of jelly.Within this medium are the metal ions.
Based on the foregoing, we can conclude that the chemical bond is an interaction between atoms that occurs through the exchange of electrons or the transition from one elementary particle of matter to another.
