mine workings - a cavity that is formed in the mountain range after he made a recess of minerals and rocks.
Depending on the destination, with the rock are divided into types.
Process Description
Underground mining is characterized in that it has a cross-section of the cycle, regardless of whether there is a direct exit to the surface.In addition to underground works are carried out such that run on the ground.Open excavation has open loop cross-section.
in underground method works, it can be:
- mining and exploration;
- mining and capital;
- mining and preparation;
- threaded;
- mortgages;
- cleaning.
mining, depending on the destination, is an exploration and production.The first is used for the exploration and the search for new deposits, the second - for the development of deposits in order to extract from the depths of minerals.Maintenance works are divided into revealing, preparing and cleaning.
Disclosing excavation is designed to open the mine and educational access to minerals.
prepares the work being prepared for the development of a mine field, and in the purification process of the ore minerals are released.
type of rock determines the formation or development of the field will be.The first is over the reservoir, the second - on the waste rock.
mine workings can be extended and the volume that is determined by the ratio between the longitudinal section and the cross-sectional area of processed rock.The extended, moreover, are horizontal, inclined or vertical.
open excavation is divided into trenches, ditches, wells, congresses.
cross-section
cross-sectional shape in the horizontal method depends on the properties of rocks and their status, the direction and strength of rock pressure, length of service and the structure mounting.
arched cross-sectional shape attached to the development of which are not fixed, as it is close to the natural shape of the arch.
If there is no lateral pressure of rocks, used a rectangular cross-sectional shape.In this case the production of wood attached, mixed, or sucker-rod attachment.
trapezoidal shape withstand both vertical and lateral pressure.Mounting is made of wood, precast concrete and metal.
cross-section can also be circular, domed and arched.
vaulted form is used in concrete and masonry fixing.
Arched bracket used for vertical and lateral pressure of rocks.In this case, development is strengthened by metal arches.
When hydrostatic pressure is best suited circular cross-sectional shape.Uglespusknye wells may not be fixed at all.Elliptical cross section is used, if one of the components of the pressure much more than others.
During the construction of tunnels, waterworks, underground use elliptical intersection of the horizontal and vertical axis.The sectional shape depends on the purpose for which intended excavation as well as mining conditions.In particular, the shape of the affected components of the vector maximum impact pressure, which has a parallel axis of the ellipse.
