Coachman, nuthatch or ordinary - a small bird family popolznevyh, which is widespread in North Africa, Asia and Europe.It can be found in central Russia and Siberia.It breeds in mixed, coniferous and deciduous forests, gardens and parks in settlements.Nuthatch ordinary in search of food with the agility moves through the branches and trunks of trees, often upside down.
Description This is a small bird mobile, reaching 14.5 cm in length, with a weight of 25 grams and a wingspan of 27 cm;with a big head, thick and almost invisible, short neck.Plumage dense, fluffy.Coating varies depending on the habitat, the upper body is thus always different shades of blue-gray color.In the Near East, Western Europe and the Caucasus has ginger belly and white chin to the neck.In the north, its low white with red sides, moreover, chestnut podhvostem with streaks of white color.
Nuthatch ordinary, pictures of which are presented in this article, living in the eastern part of China, it has a completely red bottom.In the Far Eastern species of the white feathers of the breast.In extreme steering feathers always have white spots.From the beginning of the beak to the nape of the neck is the dark horizontal stripe.The beak is sharp, straight and long, gray.At its base are directed forward rigid bristles.Rounded wings, short, have a ten feathers.The short, straight tail.Legs strong, gray-brown, with a long prehensile claws, well adapted to the active climbing trees.Females and males from each other outwardly no different, only slightly larger than the male.
habitat in the forest of the Palaearctic (the main part of Asia, Europe and North Africa) is widespread nuthatch ordinary.Bird, photos are presented in this article are found almost everywhere in Europe.On the territory of our country and the area is limited to the north shore of the White Sea, the lower reaches of the Ob River and the village of Ust-Tsilma;from the south - Saratov, Voronezh region, Kokshetau, the Southern Urals, Barnaul and Omsk.Outside our country lives in Korea, China, Taiwan and the Japanese islands;lives in the south of Iran, Israel, Indo-China and the Himalayan mountains.In Africa, it can be found in Morocco.
Habitat
Nuthatch ordinary lives in forests - coniferous, mixed and deciduous, with select areas with a large number of old and forest trees, which is looking for food.Also willing lodges in parks and gardens with woody vegetation.In the southern regions and western Europe prefers deciduous forests, which is dominated by hornbeam, oak, beech.
Nuthatch used to achieve the forest-tundra in the north, in the southern part - the steppe zone, where it nests in forest and riparian forests.In the Far East and Siberia, where mostly grow coniferous forests, lived mostly in the forest with lots of larch or cedar.It is known that the fragmentation of forest massifs, often leading to a reduction in the number of different species, fertility is not affected nuthatch.
Nuthatch ordinary (photos can be seen in this article) leads a sedentary life, and usually, it adheres to the same place if you do not bother.In the middle taiga in the north of the area birds migrate south in the winter.This time of year can join the other birds (mainly to the tits), but they do not form packs.Territorial bird protects his land all year round.
Reproduction
At the beginning of the bird breeding season depends on the latitude.For example, in central Russia they begin nesting in April, while in the northern areas - only in May.The birds are monogamous (only one female accounted for one male);couple throughout their lives are saved.
nuthatches its walled hollow clay, thus leaving only a small notches.
Nasizhivanie
Nuthatch ordinary, which posted photos in this article, with the start of incubation ceases, becoming unnoticeable.The female incubates, while it leaves the nest only in the event of danger, after having covered the masonry bedding.Incubation lasts about two weeks.Next hatched chicks, which are covered with long thin down on the back, shoulders and head.They care for them, both parents, bringing them food to 350 times a day.The chicks are on the wing after 25 days, although even for 1-2 weeks to feed his parents, and then disperse.
basic amount of young birds to the end of the summer pick up his personal site, but with the choice of partner and nesting territory finally determined only next spring.Birds in the wild live about eleven years.
Hollow
Bird nuthatch nests in the hollows of the ordinary, but, unlike those of woodpeckers, unable to hollow the hollow on their own, thus using the old nests or natural cavities occupied in the trees.Hollow chosen at a distance of 4-8 meters above the ground.Also occupy nest boxes by artificial means.Often, if the hole is large enough, they obscure it with clay to protect against a variety of predators, occasionally mixing it with manure, leaving only the entrance is a small diameter to 35 mm.Periodically clay smeared as a matter hollow and nearby areas.
Hollow the inside is lined with small scales thin top layer of the cortex, sometimes - pieces of leaves.Litter luxuriant - eggs in her almost completely submerged.
