How often have you promised yourself to start doing something next Monday, next month, next year ...?But then, or even did not try to get down to business, or soon all throwing.So it is with learning a foreign language: first, we are full of enthusiasm, and then start the first difficulties arise - and we begin to look for an excuse to do nothing.
And if the English language, many with grief in half yet learned, the German declension scare almost everyone else at the beginning of the study.However, if you think about it, all is not so bad.After all, our native language is Russian.And in it for six cases and three genders singular.Her forget also about the plural.And in the German all the same, but only four of cases, how can you not cope?Therefore, let us begin to understand right now.
Unlike Russian, German declension expressed by the article, not the end of the noun.As for adjectives and pronouns, they end agrees on cases, but their priority is still given to the terms of articles.Graduation rather reflect the defined noun.Thus, the following Cases German:
- nominative (Nominativ) - expresses the subject or object, generating action in the proposal.It is also used for the application, which explains the subject, predicate (nominal predicate) and in the appeals.IeGerman «Nominativ» completely equivalent to Russian "colleague".
- genitive (Genetiv) - if other German declension used in a number of cases, this clearly indicates affiliation and answers the question "Whose?".
- Dative (Dativ) - he is often instrumental, and Russian, and sometimes even prepositional.While other German declension largely similar to Russian, «Dativ» requires close attention.In general terms, it is used to complement, to which the action is directed in the sentence, and the circumstances of responding to the question "where?".
- accusative (Akkusativ) - mainly used for the expression of complement, which is aimed at the effect of the object in the German proposal.It may also express circumstance if it answers the question "where?".
As mentioned above, the case in Germany expressed in terms of the articles, so for ease of understanding, I suggest you change a table of articles on cases.
| Mortality | Questions | Masculine | feminine gender | neuter plural | |
| nominative who?what? | der | die | das | die | |
| genitive | whose? | des * | der | des * | der |
| Dative | whom?What?Where? | dem | der | dem | den ** |
| accusative whom?What?where? | den | die | das | die |
* - is also added to a noun ending -s;
** - is added to a noun ending -n.
| Mortality | Question | Masculine | feminine gender | neuter plural | |
| nominative who?what? | ein | eine | ein | - | |
| genitive | whose? | eines * | einer | eines * | - |
| Dative | whom?What?Where? | einem | einer | einem | - |
| accusative whom?What?where? | einen | eine | ein | - |
Now that we've dealt with the major issues on how to used German declension, it's time to start the fun - prepositions.After all, they often affect the use of a particular case.And they are very easy to learn!
| Genetiv | wegen, während, unweit, trotz, längs, (an-) statt, längs |
| Dativ | zu, von, seit, nach, mit, gegenüber, entgegen, bei, ausser, aus |
| Akkusativ | um, ohne, für, gegen, entlang, durch |
As you can see, German declension still subject to study, and their use is even more logical thanin Russian.So go ahead - and remember that everything depends on you.
