barely begun, the 20th century has experienced such a young science of psychology for durability.The main directions of psychology that existed at that time, were not able to answer the questions that have arisen in the context of historical and cultural conditions of modern times.It was during this period of science and survived the first crisis in its history, which has been linked primarily to the failure of its theoretical principles developed by the introspective school, to explain the real situation in the society.
This led to the fact that the main areas of the psychology of the 20th century even as its subject the different studies and different schools are exploring different sides of practical reality.In particular, Wundt, a representative of structuralism aims, which is to examine the direct experience and its structures, and functionalists do not pay attention, focusing on analyzing the operation of these structures.Thus, said the main directions of Western psychology differ in their approach to the definition of human experience: the structuralists define it as "a chain of elements," and functionalists - as a "stream of consciousness", which can only be studied in its entirety.Over time, it is the representatives of the functionalist approach proved itself in practice.
also the main directions of the psychology of the 20th century include reflexology, which develops mostly Russian scientists, for example, Pavlov and Bekhterev.They are the subject of the study were the senses, as well as a person experiences sensations.Pavlov, in particular, coined the term "reflex" and explained his appearance.Other main areas of psychology, perhaps, were not so closely associated with biology and not have for her all that much.
behaviorists, led by Watson, his main task was considered to understand all the mysteries of the behavior of living beings.And if the other major areas of psychological suffering some subjectivity, the supporters of this concept seeks to explain all the puzzles in the behavior of living things by objective factors which are associated with adaptation to the environment.They are mostly used for their experiments, white rats, because the mind and psyche for behavioral - this one, so the difference between these animals and humans is negligible.The main achievement of this school was the explanation for the acquisition of skills by trial and error.
And finally, one of the concepts of psychology, originated at this time, is Freudianism.Freud focused on the actions, motives that people can not explain.So he came to the idea of "unconscious" and devoted his life to studying it.He believed that the cause of unconscious behavior can be detected by studying dreams, random reservations and involuntary movements.Freud believed that all personal development can be reduced to two basic instincts: sexual desire and fear of death.Living in a society, we suppress these forces, so they pushed into the unconscious, but sometimes still make themselves felt.
