Psihologiya- relatively young science, but a few times to stir up the world with their discoveries have been able to.Among them, "The theory of psychoanalysis" Freud and the recognition of driving force of human sexual desire, motivation and interpretation of "hierarchy of needs" Maslow.A lot of hype done looks Neo-Freudians Erich Fromm to the problem of social character of the individual, as a result of adaptation to the demands of society.The best psychologists around the world tirelessly struggling with the objectives: to understand the man, go deep into his subconscious, to know what motivates him, his acts.
Abraham Maslow and his "hierarchy of needs"
Many well-known psychologists, including Maslow worked on motivation.Understand what motivates a person and makes him express himself, he managed to declassify only this American psychologist.Maslow found that for the manifestation of their higher human capabilities necessary to meet the physiological needs.On the basis of these findings and was built "Maslow's pyramid."In her five stages, and only meet the previous demand, a person is able to go to the next.It looks pyramid, when viewed from the bottom step of the base, as follows:
- physiological needs;
- the need for protection and security;
- the need to belong to a social group, to be accepted by society;
- the need for respect and recognition;
- the need for self-expression.
people able to walk to the fifth stage, not so much.According to Maslow, there are only 1-2%.He described them as these people are fully satisfied with the achieved, can be keen on some exercise, easy to relationships and are able to empathize with people.They are independent, democratic, and have a creative approach to life.
Sigmund Freud
Perhaps the title of "the most famous psychologist" is still owned by the Austrian Sigmund Freud.His theories are so well known that there is no man who does not know the name.It was the first time he spoke about sexuality as the driving force of the development of personality.If sexuality for any reason expelled from the consciousness of the person, it goes into the subconscious mind and can manifest itself in dreams, associations, reservations.Many well-known psychologists condemned and still condemns the theory of psychoanalysis, Freud, considering that it brings us closer to the animals.According to his claims of human personality consists of three components:
- it - biological attraction;
- I - is responsible for the resolution of conflicts between it and the super-ego;
- super-ego - personality established norms and values.
Humanism Erich Fromm
Famous psychologists, Freud's followers, can not do without the theory of "humanistic psychoanalysis" Erich Fromm.His work was based on the inconsistency of human existence and the problems of modern society.Fromm believed that people are too self-centered, and society is in crisis.And only "healthy" society, brought up on the principles of humanism, can change people's attitude to nature, society and each other.His ideas of humanism and a look at a person's ability to love, Fromm explained in the book "The Art of Loving."
Book modern psychologist Alexander Chernitski "Easy psychology" has caused a lot of unkind comments.Many well-known specialists, Freudianism do not perceive, and react unfavorably to this work.In Chernitski traced reference to sexuality as the driving mechanism of personality development, examines the impact on the mood of dissatisfaction, human behavior, and outlook Unlike people leading privacy of those who do not.Psychology as a science continued to evolve, and, apparently, many famous psychologists have yet time to stir up the public with new theories.
