After World three or four decades of folk memory of the last war was fresh.Veterans of the boys seemed to elderly people, but it was only a forty or fifty years, and they could talk about their experiences in those grim years of simple and straightforward language.Each student knew about the feat of Alexander Matrosov, close his body embrasure gun, that he has allowed his comrades to defeat the enemy positions, which covered the bunker.This strengthening was a major obstacle to advancing troops.
Types field fortifications
field fortifications are permanent and temporary.For example, a trench or bunker built quickly from scrap materials or with the addition of a certain amount of imported logs.Their advantage lies in the fact that the appearance of these points is often a total surprise for the advancing enemy, if, of course, that the work was carried out in compliance with a sufficient degree of secrecy.The second type of concrete fortifications constitute a powerful and armored objects to withstand the siege (in some cases circular) for a long time, restricting the enemy's strength.In order to make it difficult to get around, firing points are combined into a defensive system - fortified.This unit serves as a line of DOT.This reduction stands for "Pillbox".Said bunker differs in that abbreviation, in addition to the letters "O" (fire) and "T" (point), there is still a "D" (wood) and "Z" (earth), meaning the materials of manufacture.Pillboxes were built of concrete and armor.
strategic defense concept
permanent fortifications after the 1914-1918 war generals perceived by many countries as a guaranteed means of repelling aggression.Positional fighting, characteristic of the Western Front, gave reason to believe that the main strategy of future conflicts will be the economic exhaustion of the enemy.The exception was Brusilovsky breakthrough, when the Russian army was able to break through the deep and wide gap in the defenses of the Austrians (1915).But this case is considered unique and not taken into account, but in vain.The opinion was mistaken.
Already in 1939, the Red Army did what seemed impossible - took the Mannerheim Line.At the same time our commanders and soldiers learned what DOT.In the war for the defense used all that the infantry can "catch" - a ravine, creek, or the ruins of the house.In Finland, the equipment came fortified thorough.
lines and defensive areas
Mannerheim Line was considered impregnable.It was impossible to get around, and take it, too, is almost impossible.Even now, the task would not handle any army of the world (without the use of nuclear weapons).Maginot Line the Germans just went around in 1940, in the forehead, they are unlikely to overcome it.Each of these super-powerful fortified areas could theoretically defend very long.Any DOT - it's not just firing point, and complex underground facility with all the infrastructure, including recreational, personal care, food and its preparation, and, of course, with a large arsenal of weapons warehouses.These build on the Japanese southern Sakhalin, and the Soviet Union all over the Chinese border.The very meaning of the word DOT suggests its long-term, and therefore stable, defensive.
Modern bunkers
In terms of mobile warfare, similar to modern local conflicts, it would appear that the pillboxes as fortifications obsolete.Indeed, with the advent of the possibility of landing the massive assault, powerful and compact means of fire support of infantry neutralized the classic pillbox - is not such a difficult task.However, the defense also improved.In the early 60-ies were created standard construction type "Gorceac", and later - and OVC-100, capable of preserving combat capability, even in the event of impact on the area of tactical nuclear warheads.This contributes to the effective penetration into the soil, ventilation with "overpressure" and remote control devices of fire.DOTs are still in service, and their resignation is not expected.
