Land reclamation - a set of technical, organizational and economic measures aimed at improving the soil, agro-climatic and hydrological conditions for raising a high return on land use, in order to obtain stable and high yields of crops.
Application reclamation work contributes to changes in the complex natural conditions (soil and hydrological) on large plots in the right direction for the activities of people.Land reclamation allows you to create optimal thermal, air and food conditions for the development of flora and fauna, as well as having a positive impact on the environment and terrain.
reclamation called the event the irrigation and drainage of the soil (irrigation), control of rivers and surface flowing waters, fortifying unstable ravines and loose sand, a thorough change in the chemical composition of the soil (gypsum saline and liming acid soils), as well as clearing the soil of stones.Use of reclamation can increase productivity of land resources, which is of great importance in the development of agriculture as well as improve productivity, livestock fodder base, contributes to the development of new wetlands or desert land.
There are four types of land reclamation: reclamation, agroforestry, kulturtehnicheskie reclamation, chemical land reclamation.In turn, they are divided into types.
Hydroland is irrigation, drainage, flood control, protivosolevoy, erosion, landslide.
Agroforestry can be erosion, field, pasture.
kulturtehnicheskie reclamation of soil is divided into land clearing grass, trees, moss hummocks, stumps;cleaning of stones and other objects;solonetzes reclamation process;sanding, loosening, Plantage, zemlevanie, glinovanie and primary processing of the soil;as well as other works.
types of chemical reclamation are: gypsum, phosphorites, liming.
most tangible result of reclamation provides for complex application of all or some of its species.Also, its effectiveness depends on the methods and kulturtehnicheskih works.The complex land reclamation works for a certain territory will depend on its agricultural use (the technology of cultivation, crop rotation, selection of varieties and crops) and type of development.
drained areas for the best indicator of moisture is provided by its bilateral regulation.To this end, erected drainage-humidification systems, combining with irrigation drainage, the method of the removal of water during heavy rainfall and spring and irrigation area in the dry season.Along with such systems in irrigated areas, build drainage network, which does not allow a strong recovery of groundwater and control saline soils.Acidic soils subjected to liming.
Land reclamation leads to a better climate, especially in the drylands, since irrigation in the surface layer increases the humidity of the air (due to evaporating of vegetation and soil moisture).This in turn causes a decrease in temperature and softens the impact of droughts.
reclamation usually extends to hundreds of thousands of hectares of land.This feature entails the importance of the choice of the reclamation work on a scientific basis, which does not entail a negative impact on the environment and its resources.To create a project of land reclamation work in the territory, first perform complex geological, topographic, geodesic, hydrological, climatological, geobotanical, soil and other studies.
