Unabi (jujube, Chinese date) - is one of the best medicinal plants, as it has a huge amount of nutrients.
It is also called the people deciduous thorn bushes, berry French rib, jujube.There are about 400 species of plants that are cultivated in South Asia, Central Asia, China, the Caucasus, the Mediterranean region.Jujube for a long time the medicine was applied, using almost all of its parts - leaves, fruits and roots.But mostly the fruits are taken for the treatment of Chinese dates, which can be eaten fresh or dried.Dried jujube resembles familiar to us a date.
Description
jujube is a sprawling deciduous thorny shrub or small tree.It has a pyramidal or spreading crown.It features powerful enough roots that can penetrate to a depth of three meters.
Cora main trunks of the Chinese tamarind dark gray, very thick.Branches of different reddish-brown bark and thorns.The leaves are alternate, placed on small stalks are oblong-ovate, leathery, entire, tupopilchatymi.
the plant flowers bisexual, small, five-membered, axillary, can be collected in small bundles - up to 5 pieces.This flower lives only about a day.
have Jujube fruits ripen at different times, are round, oblong, ovoid drupe with a sweet pulp.Reach a length of 6 cm with weight about 20 g
plant first appeared in China, but today it is grown in Central Asia, the Caucasus.It grows in temperate climates.In order to harvest a success, it is necessary to plant adapted to a particular climate variety.
Chinese Dates are very fond of heat, so they are not afraid of the drought.Furthermore, jujube - a plant antifreeze.Regardless of the fact that it is well tolerated the heat, it still must be constantly watered - in which case it will bear fruit much better.
Chinese date: cultivation and harvesting
Unabi can grow almost any soil, in addition to waterlogged and saline, while the poor give a small crop.It is unacceptable water table is shallow.Ideal for Jujube - is the southern slopes.
plant can be propagated by root shoots, seeds, cuttings and grafting.
From Chinese tamarind seed mainly grown rootstock, since the seedlings begin to bear fruit later, and retain high-quality signs are not always.Bones should be harvested from quality fresh fruit, which must be immediately cleaned from existing pulp.Raw a few months before planting stratified.His sown in spring, after the ground is well warmed up.The distance between rows should be about 80 cm between seeds in a row - about 5 cm. Sowing is desirable to hide the film, creating a tunnel.Seedlings of 20 days diving or thinned so as to remain between them in a row of 25 cm. Spring blocked watered only one time, twice a month - summer.
mainly large-fruited varieties are grafted onto rootstock small-fruited.In summer, make the vaccination "eye", the bark handle - in September or May.
Reproduction roots gives the opportunity to get the crop in the second year after planting.Plants can be separated when it reaches 2 years old Chinese jujube (jujube).
seedlings when propagated cuttings are rooted in greenhouses under intermittent artificial mist.On a permanent place they are planted in mid-March in the south in late March - in the northern regions.
crown formation
It basically formed a couple of years in the form of a vase or a bowl of 4 skeletal branches, which are located around the barrel.This trimmed center conductor "on the ring" superfluous branches are removed.The upper branch is cut off so that the remaining 20 cm, all the rest - to be the top of her appeared on a general level.
Next conducts periodic sanitary pruning also deleted branches, which thicken the crown.
Watering
Chinese Dates in the first year should be watered as often as possible for their better engraftment (up to 7 times in one season).
Doing this in the very first months of flowering it is not necessary - just fruits tied in dry weather, but if the water is not to be missed during the summer, the harvest will be meager.Therefore, the plant should be watered mid-June (only rarely, and only when the long absence of rains).
Feeding
Every year (since the fourth after landing) in the spring of jujube (Chinese date) must be fed a mixture of different fertilizers and manure.
collection and harvesting of fruits
For therapeutic purposes, using the fruit, leaves, bark, and very rarely the root of the plant.The fruit must be collected when fully ripe, the leaves at the same time.Dry them in the shade needed, preferably in air under a canopy, but it is possible and in a ventilated area, with the need to lay them in 1 layer.Store can be up to a year.
Root need to harvest in November, bark - in early spring.It is advisable to use it with a three-year branch.You can store up to 2 years.
fruits of jujube can be eaten fresh, dried, and dried.Also from them prepare well pickle, jam, juice, fruit compote.You can store fresh up to five days.
Dry Chinese date, or rather its fruits, the best in the dryer.Keep this form can be up to two years.
Useful properties
Fruits contain organic acids, sugars, proteins, fatty oil, catechins, tannins, nicotine and folic acid, pectin, tocopherol.Using them, can be derived from an organism copper, lead, toxins, mercury.Iron, potassium, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, vitamin C, P is also contained in jujube.
Chinese jujube makes it possible to recover more quickly after the disease, in addition, it is often prescribed for diseases of the kidneys, urinary tract, stomach, stomatitis, accompanied by the appearance of ulcers.
unabi also be taken during pregnancy, which will cope with toxemia.Young nursing mothers Chinese jujube is also necessary to include in the diet, as it greatly increases lactation.
With fruit plants can normalize blood pressure, cope with head and heart pains.
Chinese jujube (jujube): application
Broth-based branches, leaves and bark of the plant is an excellent anti-bacterial and bacteriostatic agent.Consequently, it can be cured by means of purulent wounds, abscesses, tuberculous lymphadenitis, gastritis, cutaneous or ocular tuberculosis, moreover, it is a diuretic.
decoction of the roots of plants enhances hair growth in children, adults it is recommended to use with hair loss.
Dried fruits prepared the broth, which will help reduce the inflammation of the bronchi, it is often used in shortness of breath, severe dizziness, whooping cough and bronchitis.
Fruits are rich in vitamins C and P, therefore, they have a positive effect on the vascular wall, giving them the flexibility and strength.This tool is also effective for hypertensive crisis, it allows you to lower blood pressure, increase efficiency, improve sleep, elevate mood, normalize the heartbeat.
traditional medicine decoction of the fruit of the plant valued for its anti-inflammatory properties and smyagchitelnye, moreover, it can be used for ulcers, infections in the intestines, anemia, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
Chinese jujube fresh eat especially useful in dysentery, constipation, diarrhea.The infusion is recommended to drink at the festering wounds, gastritis, abscesses.Externally it is used for rinsing the mouth and makes washing, lotions to cure sores and wounds that are slow to heal.
suitable for the preparation of ointments and fresh leaves.
Jujube in cooking
Berry plants can be used fresh.Also, the Chinese jujube can be dried, canned and jerk.Delicious berries are included in the recipes of various dishes.
Contraindications
Chinese jujube (jujube) contains a substance which has the effect of anesthesia.Man starting to chew on time ceases to feel bitter and sweet taste.It is not necessary to use a lot of fruits to people who suffer from low blood pressure, as well as during pregnancy.It is worth remembering that the jujube is digested for a long time, it is best to eat skinless, but in large quantities it can cause inflammation of the intestine, stomach.Furthermore, jujube increases the amount of sugar in the blood.If you do not follow the dosage, you may receive a severe headache.
