Today every tourist arriving in Volgograd, tends to feel the pain and courage of the Russian people during the Great Patriotic War.For this, he goes on Mamayev Kurgan, where all the emotions embodied in the wonderful sculptures.Few people know that in addition to the mound, Volgograd there are historical monuments.For one of the more important include House Pavlova.
Pavlov's House in Stalingrad, played an important role during the counterattacks German troops.Due to the resistance of Russian soldiers, the enemy forces were rebuffed, and Stalingrad was not captured.Oh the horror can be found, and now considered as the walls of a ruined house.
Pavlov's House in Stalingrad and its history before the war
Before the war, the house Pavlov was not a conventional building with all the usual reputation.Thus, in the four-storey building we lived the party and industrial workers.House standing on the street, Penza, No. 61, was considered prestigious to war.He was surrounded by many elite buildings, which were home to the NKVD and signalers.Notably the location of the building.
Behind the building was built in 1903 Gerhardt mill.After 30 meters there is a semi-detached house Zabolotnogo.And the mill, and the house Zabolotnogo were practically destroyed during the war.Restoration of the building no one did.
home defense in Stalingrad Pavlov
During the Battle of Stalingrad every house became a defensive fortress from which were fighting.On the area of 9 January all the buildings were destroyed.There's only one surviving building.09/27/1942, a group of exploration, consisting of 4 people, led by JF Pavlov, knocking out four-storey building housing the Germans began to keep its defense.Once inside the building, the group found there civilians who did their best to keep the house for about two days.Continued defense of numerous forces three days after reinforcements appeared in time.It was a machine-gun platoon under the command of JF Afanasyev, anti-tank riflemen and machine gunners.The total number of arrivals to the aid amounted to 24 people.Together the soldiers to strengthen the defense of the entire building.Sappers mined all the approaches to the building.A trench was also dug through which the negotiations were conducted with the command, and to deliver food to ammunition.
Pavlov's House in Stalingrad defense kept almost 2 months.Location of the building helped soldiers.From the upper floors look over the enormous panorama and Russian soldiers could keep under fire by German troops occupied parts of the city with a range of more than 1 kilometer.All
two months the Germans vigorously attacked the building.They made several counter-attacks during the day and even several times broke on the first floor.During these battles destroyed one wall of the building.Soviet troops were holding strong and courageous, so grab the whole house the opponents did not succeed.
November 24, 1942 under the command of Naumova battalion attacked the enemy, capturing, adjoining the house.I. Naumov killed.JF Afanasyev and JF Pavlov gained only injured.Civilians were in the basement of the house for all of two months have not suffered.
Recovery House Pavlova
Pavlov's House in Stalingrad began to restore the very first.In June 1943, AM Cherkasova has led to the ruins together with the wives of soldiers.And there was "Cherkasovskoe Movement" that included only women.The emerging movement found an echo in other liberated areas.Destroyed the city began to recover in their own hands, volunteers his free time.
Area 9 January renamed.The new name - the area of defense.On the territory of the new built house and surrounded by a semicircular colonnade.He led the project architect EI Fialko.
In 1960, the area was renamed again.Now it's Lenin Square.And from the end wall of the sculptors A. Golovanov with PL Malkov in 1965 they built the memorial, which is still preserved, and adorns the city of Volgograd.
By 1985, rebuilt the house Pavlova.On the side of the building overlooking the street Soviet, architect VE Maslyaev with sculptor VG Fetisov established a memorial with the inscription reminiscent of the heroism of Soviet soldiers in the days when they fought for every brick of this house.
Interesting facts
great struggle was between Soviet soldiers and the German invaders for Stalingrad, Pavlov's House.History has a lot of unique and interesting documents, telling us about the actions of the enemy and our multinational Motherland defenders and leaving still open issues.Thus, for example, are still arguing whether the Germans during the seizure of the building intelligence group.JF Afanasyev asserts that opponents were not, but, according to the official version, the Germans were in the second entrance, or rather, by the window was heavy machine gun.
also debate about the evacuation of civilians.Some historians argue that people continued to be in the basement all the defense.According to others, the residents immediately after the death of elders who brought food, managed to get on the excavated trenches.
When the Germans tore down one wall, JF Pavlov reported to the commander of a joke.He said that the house was ordinary, with only three walls, and most importantly, it is now ventilated.
Defenders House Pavlova
Pavlov's House in Stalingrad defended 24 people.But, according to the memoirs of JF Afanasyev, while the defense held no more than 15 people.First, advocates of the house Pavlov in Stalingrad - it's only 4 people: Pavlov, Glushchenko, Chernogolovka, Alexandrov.
Then the team got reinforcements.Accepted a fixed number of 24 defenders of human rights.But, by the same memories Afanasyev, they were a little bit more.
team consisted of 9 men nationalities.25th defender was Gore Khokhlov.He was a native of Kalmykia.However, after the battle he was removed from the list.At the end of 62 years it was confirmed participation and courage of a soldier in the defense of the house Pavlova.
also a list of the "erased" adds Abkhazian Alex Sukba.In 1944 soldiers for unknown reasons it was named in the team.Therefore his name was not immortalized on the memorial panels.
Biography Yakov Pavlov Fedotovich
Fedotovich Jacob was born in the village of Cross, located in the Novgorod region, in 1917, on 17 October.After school, he worked a little in agriculture, fell to the Red Army, where he met the Great Patriotic War.
In 1942, participated in the fighting, defending and protecting the city of Stalingrad.Keeping the defense 58 days a house in the square and had destroyed along with comrades of the enemy, he was awarded the Order of Lenin, two Orders of the Red Star.And for courage he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union.
In 1946 Pavlov was discharged and subsequently graduated from the School of the Central Committee.After the war, he continued to work in agriculture.28.09.1981 Mr. JF Pavlova died.
Pavlov's House in modern
Widely known house of Pavlova in Stalingrad.Address today (in the modern city of Volgograd): Sovetskaya, house 39.
In appearance it is a regular four-storey house with a memorial wall to the end.Here every year numerous groups of tourists come to see the famous Pavlov's House in Stalingrad.Photos showing the building from different angles, is regularly updated by their personal collections.
Films made about the house Pavlova
not neglect the cinema house Pavlov in Stalingrad.The film, shot on the defense of Stalingrad, is called "Stalingrad" (2013).Then the famous and talented director Fyodor Bondarchuk took a picture that can convey to the audience the whole atmosphere of wartime.He showed the full horror of war, and the greatness of the Soviet people.
film was awarded the Prize of the International Society of American creators of 3D.In addition, he was also nominated for the award "Nika" and "Golden Eagle".In some nominations the film received awards such as "Best Art Direction" and "Best Costume Designer."However, viewers left comments about the picture is mixed.Many do not believe it.To fold the right impression, you should still watch the film in person.
Besides contemporary films have also been shot a lot of documentaries.Some involving soldiers defending the building.So, there are several documentaries that tell of the Soviet soldiers during the defense.Among those on the tape Gare Hoholove and Alex Sukbe.It is not their names on a plaque.The film tells the detailed history of how it turned out that their names were not sealed forever.
Cultural mapping feat
addition to films for all past time was also written many essays and memoirs about the heroism of Soviet soldiers.Even the little JF Pavlov described all actions and their memories spent in the defense of two months.
most famous work is the book "Pavlov's House", written by the author Lev Savelyev Isomerovichem.This kind of story, a true story, which tells of the bravery and courage of the Soviet soldiers.The book was named the best product, describing the atmosphere of the house Pavlov's defense.
