discovery of the electron for the umpteenth time to put scientists around the world a question: what is the internal structure of the atom?Naturally, to see even the most powerful microscope, how it all works, it is impossible.Therefore, different scientists offered their own version of the internal structure of the atom.
So, George. Thompson proposed a model in which the atom is entirely composed of a positively charged material within which is constantly moving negatively charged electrons.Simultaneously with F. Leonard Thompson in the early twentieth century, it suggested that within the atom is empty, at which the moving neutral particles, which consist of the same number of electrons and some positively charged elements.In the works Lenard, these particles are called dinamidy.
However, the most thorough was the so-called planetary model of the atom Rutherford.The really famous scientist made a series of experiments on uranium, as a result of which it was formulated and theoretically explained by the phenomenon of radioactivity.
Even just thinking about the fact that it is a planetary model of the atom is a true expression of the structure of that element in its first major research Rutherford concluded that the energy hidden within the atom, in the tens of thousands of times greater than the molecular energy.From this conclusion, he moved to the explanation of some cosmic phenomena, arguing, inter alia, that solar energy is nothing but the result of constant reactions, including the splitting of the atom.
important step to understanding the structure of the atom became famous experiments on the movement of alpha particles through gold foil: the vast majority of these particles pass through it without any changes, but certain elements sharply deviated from his route.Rutherford suggested that in this case the particles are close to the like-charged elements whose dimensions are much smaller than an atom.Thus was born the famous planetary model of atomic structure.It was a great achievement of the scientist.
planetary model of the atom was proposed at the beginning of the twentieth century, George. Stoney, but had she wore only theoretical, while Rutherford came to her through the experiments, results of which were published in 1911 in "Philosophical magazine".
Continuing his experiments, Rutherford concluded that the number of alpha particles is fully consistent with the ordinal number of the element in the published recently periodic table.In parallel, the Danish scientist Niels Bohr, creating his theory of metals, made an important discovery about the orbits of the electrons, which became one of the most important evidence that this planetary model of the atom is closest to the actual structure of the elementary particle.Scientists' opinions coincided.
Thus, the planetary model of the atom is the theoretical foundation of the structure of elementary particles, according to which the center of the atom is a nucleus with protons, the charge which is positive, and electrically neutral neutrons, and around the nucleus at a considerable distance from it, in orbitsmoving negatively charged electrons.
