Do you know the differences between the word "paint", "red", "painted", "painting"?
right, each of them is a part of speech.This is how the language is called homogeneous categories of words with common characteristics.
Significant portions of these words is studying science, which is called the morphology, and the role of words in sentences - syntax.
morphological features allow in Russian counter nominal and verbal parts of speech.The former include the names
- Nouns. boy, children, blue, scissors, abstraction. They have permanent and non-permanent morphological features.It includes constant race - male and female, the type of decline, "household name" or "property" (designation of names, titles, etc.), animate or inanimate.Number and case of nouns may change, so these signs are considered unstable.
- Adjectives. red, kids, blue, abstract. Permanent morphological characteristics of the adjective does not exist.These words completely likened to those on which they depend.
- numerals.two thousand two hundred thirty, the first one hundred and forty-four. Their constant morphological characters have only two categories.Numerals can be simple (five, seven, five) or composite (two hundred and twenty-one, one hundred and eleven).Another permanent feature is associated with the value.Numerals (ten million, one hundred) may indicate the number or (sixth, two hundredth) the procedure for the score.Irregular morphological characteristics are different.For example, the sequence may be changed by birth (the first one) and numbers (the sixteenth, sixteenth).Some quantitative can vary even leave one-one-one.
- Pronouns.All each, he said, somebody, anybody, some .Their constant morphological features: low personal (I, we, they, etc.), negative (no), etc.All other signs depend on the words that the pronoun is subject and, therefore, are impermanent.
Morphological verb is fundamentally different from the parts of speech.First of all, the verb (to run, jump, tackle) denotes an action or state (sleep).His constant morphological characters:
- view.If the action has already occurred or border, limit, it is - the perfect form to sing, I dug out and sent.If the operation continues, it is - an imperfect form: singing, dig, sent.
- recoverability: wash-wash.
- transitional.Sometimes the action proceeds (transferred) on the subject.For example, paint the wall, write a letter, there is a mess.It - transitive verbs.Sometimes such a thing is impossible.We can not say "walk himself," but it is possible - "to skip the dog."
- conjugation.Verbs it is either the first (to decide to sing, to resist) or the second (painted, treated drinking).
remaining signs of the verb - fickle.
In Russian, there are other parts of speech.They have their morphological features.For example, the adverb does not change ever, interjections can be derivatives or non-derivatives, etc.
This science studies, which is called morphology.
