significant part of the flora of the temperate zone and the tropics make legumes.This is a fairly large family of flowering plants, which includes about 700 genera and at least 17 thousand species.It consists of three subfamilies: caesalpinioideae, mimosa and actually legumes (butterfly).It vines and grasses, bushes and shrubs, trees.And the breadth of the spread they occupy second place after cereals.
The leaves of these plants are mostly regular and complex: palmate, pinnate and ternate, mostly with stipules.Their flowers are most often bisexual, abnormal and grow in inflorescences.The seeds of leguminous plants have a direct and major germ, mostly without endosperm.But the fruit of them - of course, Bob.The family of legumes are perfectly adapted to different environmental conditions.These cultures are sredoobrazovatelyami many plant communities.
And the largest subfamily of legumes are a butterfly.It includes a variety of cultural, fodder, ornamental and medicinal plants.Everyone knows legumes such as beans, peas or soybeans the same.This annual plants, grow them in vegetable crop rotations.They are rich in vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates, mineral salts of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and calcium.And for food suitable mature and immature seeds of beans, as well as the young ovaries of fruit or pod-type blades.Yet they can be canned or eaten fresh.
For example, beans, a member of the legume family, has more than 200 species.And 20 of them are grown as cereals.All these types of geographically divided into groups.The Asia group includes Small-seeded species of legume (bean angular, golden).The second group comprises the American krupnosemennye views.This many-flowered beans, aquifolium, common, and the like.
also includes soya bean family.Today, all developed countries are considering it as one of the most promising crop of the 21st century.And it is now grown in almost all continents.Asian countries generated at soybeans mainly themselves and use.Well, the United States puts on the world market the bulk of these beans.In Russia, too, is developing the industrial production of this crop.And its main crops are concentrated in the Amur region and the Krasnodar Territory.
Soy is a very valuable and unique food product.It contains 45% protein, 23% oil, as well as sugar, carotene, mineral and pectin.Additionally, whole soybeans is fount vitamins B, P, PP, E, K and C. The protein in those beans contained 14 times more than in chicken meat, 3.5 times more than beef.Once the proteins are well absorbed by the human body, because they are water-soluble.The content of amino acids in their optimal, as they enter the body without cholesterol.The soybean oil contains a lot of unsaturated fatty acids, which are also easily digested and protect the body from disease.
Even in the legume family includes a variety of forage grasses such as clover.This plant has no less than 200 kinds.And one of them - a hybrid clover.He is not only a forage, but also a good honey plant, and medicinal plants.Ground part of the clover, cut during flowering, healers used as a remedy for bronchitis, sore throats and angina.Also, traditional healers are widely used for their own purposes red clover.Fresh juice of this plant is washed with eye allergies, and its crushed leaves is applied to suppurating wounds, ulcers, and burned skin.Also, traditional medicine and other uses of this plant.
family of legumes also includes industrial crops, such as sunn.It is a genus of plants that includes perennial and annual grasses and bushes and shrubs.And this kind includes more than 500 species that grow mainly in tropical and subtropical climates.For example, sunn Sitnikov know that even under names such as Indian hemp and Indian hemp.From this ancient culture make spinning ropes, rope, burlap, fishing nets and sails.Also, it is used in the production of specialty papers.
