Introduction
We are starting a series of articles on the organization of a farm on cultivation of oyster mushroom substrate on the basis of machine SM-8 produced by "technician".Our task - to give the basic principles and benchmarks that should help mushroom growers in the initial stage of organization stable and profitable production of oyster mushrooms.
of "technician" has developed a set of equipment for the production of oyster mushroom substrate based on substrate Machine CM-8.The substrate is processed in the substrate machine steam at a high temperature for a short time.Selectivity of such a substrate is low, and therefore it is necessary to consider this circumstance as in the farm planning and organization directly under the net area of the substrate where the inoculation.Low selectivity means that a substrate is excellent not only oyster growing, but also its competitors.The growth rate of mycelium competitive molds several times higher than the rate of growth of oyster mushroom mycelium.Therefore, the main task of the technology in question is to prevent contact with the substrate mold spores from the air, with the soiled clothing or equipment.Under these requirements, we get well and rhythmically working enterprise with high-yielding substrate.
requirements planning mushroom complex
When new construction is necessary to take into account the recommended sanitary protection zone from the nearest production or settlements.
When using ready-made premises livestock or poultry farms sanitary zones already covered.
addition to the basic units of the complex on a plot area or need to place a shed for storage of raw materials at least 3 months of stock.
For complex need to appropriate water, electricity and heating, as well as sewage disposal system.
The complex should be open land, creating dust.Land sown with grass or turf is filled with fine gravel.
storage of spent substrate or composting on the farm is not allowed.
basic farm units (plant substrate, incubation chamber, the chamber of fruiting) are located in separate buildings.
are possible placement of production facilities:
Option №1 - is the best.Between units should be comfortable way to transport substrate blocks.Transport for transportation - special and always clean.
Option №2 - there should be no free passage of the clean zone in the incubation chamber.The substrate is transferred from the clean area through a narrow window of gateway 400 x 300 mm.
Option №3 - air from the chamber fruiting must not fall into the incubation chamber.Between the camera takes a small camera or the gateway corridor.
Option №4 - is not desirable, but often in practice.Between departments make capital partition.Entrance to each unit only from the street.Transfer substrate only through the gateway window.In capital investment this is the most economical option, but also the most dangerous in terms of the spread of infection.Many farms have been closed due to improper planning.
For All - in incubation chambers must be maintained as clean as possible.To do this, the floors in the incubation chambers make perfectly smooth and clean them with cleaning or washing vacuum cleaner.
from all parts of greatest risk as a source of infection and pests are the fruiting chamber.The spatial isolation of cameras or other fruiting from other units required for the safe operation of the enterprise.
Requirements for premises Farm
enclosures (walls, ceiling) should be of brick or concrete.All finishing materials must be water-resistant and allow for a thorough cleaning sanitary facilities.
Good insulation enclosures provide energy savings for heating in winter and cooling in summer.It is very important good insulation ceiling.
floors are smooth, smooth sloping ramps to drain sewage.The clean area and the incubation chamber, where health level should be highest.It is better to make a smooth floor with a special coating that does not create dust.
The cells fruiting desirable to have natural light through the side windows and, if possible through the windows in the roof of buildings.
premises substrate height of 4.2 m from the plant, and for the cameras of incubation and fruiting of 2.8 m.
Thus, for complex for growing oyster mushrooms on the basis of one machine SM-8 while working in one shift a total area space required1400 - 1750 sq.m.
calculation of plant capacity
For the calculation we take as a basis the work of the company in one shift on the same machine SM-8.To work in two shifts, respectively, need to increase the number of cameras to two incubation and fruiting to four cameras.Working in two shifts is quite possible, but requires better staff management and higher levels of automation of technological processes of preparation of the substrate.
Calculations business needs in raw materials, energy, water, labor
as a base substrate for most companies operating in the substrate machines use straw of wheat or other grain crops.To increase the nutrient substrate is added straw legumes in an amount of 15-20%.The stock of straw should be designed to operate for 1.5 years.
Electricity demand complex rather moderate, and major costs include the energy consumption of ventilation systems of cameras, steam and straw chopper.
Thus, for the minimum needs of the complex is required 180-200 kW power supply, and with the two-shift operation up to 250 kW.
Approximately 50% of water consumed is consumed for technological needs, and the remaining volume of water goes to the sanitary cleaning and washing equipment.In view of a possible two-shift operation is necessary to have water supply in the amount of up to 10 cubic metersper day.
State enterprises can be reduced if the work is done are not staff members and invited by a specific job.
technical and economic calculations of the enterprise for growing oyster
(using existing facilities)
Taking into account the difference in the prices of equipment and work on regional investment in equipment may be from 8 to 10 million rubles.
for smooth operation of the company at any time of the year should have its own fleet of trucks for delivery of fungi and tractors to load bales or rolls of straw and cleaning the territory from the snow.Some areas will be economically beneficial to organize your own link on the harvesting of straw.
costs for the reconstruction of the premises will vary greatly depending on the condition of the premises themselves.Thus, the total investment in the complex for growing oyster production capacity of 160 tons of mushrooms per year will amount to 13-15 million rubles.
Payback proposed project depends significantly on the cost of raw materials and the price of mushrooms in a particular region.In our case, we give the average selling prices for oyster mushroom for the central region of Russia.If Substrate production is the heart of the enterprise, the efficient running and pushy sales department - is the engine of all enterprises from the success of which depends on its financial condition.
