Ivan Susanin was a farmer who lived in the Kostroma district.In the history of Russia it is known as the man who saved the king (Mikhail Romanov) from Polish invaders.To date there is no reliable information on the identity of this national hero.According to historical chronicles, Susanin served as elder in the village Domnino Kostroma district.Troop Polish invaders Ivan Osipovich asked to bring them to his village, where he stayed Tsar Mikhail Romanov.For this Susanin supposed reward.Instead, the future hero of the Poles started in the dense forest.After some wandering invaders guessed that the man decided to destroy them.After prolonged torture of peasant, they realized that it does not indicate the road leading to the village.Poles killed Susanin.But the murderers themselves soon lost in the forest swamps.Today the name of this noble man immortalized.A hero is proof of the existence of Merit, presented his son in law.Also found near Kostroma remains of a man who apparently belonged Susanin.And now a closer look than the famous Ivan Susanin and examine some of the facts of his biography.
Lifetime Ivan Susanin
Before proceeding directly to the most heroic deed and personality of Ivan Susanin Osipovich, would like to familiarize the reader with the period of time in which he lived the great martyr.So it was in the first half of the XVII century.In the early 1600's, Russia embraced unprecedented class, religious and natural disasters.It was during this period there: the famous famine years of 1601-1603, the seizure of the throne pretender, the coming to power of Basil Shuisky, the Polish invasion in 1609, and the militia in 1611, and many other incidents.
great pick up and mount to the Kostroma region, where, in fact, lived Ivan Susanin, biography which leaves a lot of gaps.The episode that characterizes the time, include: the destruction of Kostroma 1608-1609's False Dmitry II, the attack on the Ipatiev Monastery, the defeat of the Polish troops Kineshma and other bloody events.
Did the above event, namely anxiety, internecine woes and the invasion of the enemy, the attitude to Susanin and his family, or until some time around them kind of party - is unknown.But all of this era - a time when he lived Ivan Susanin.And to the house of war heroes coming right up when she seemed to have ended.
Personality Susanin
Ivan Susanin, whose biography contains very little known facts, the person is still interesting.Not that we know of the existence of this man.We know only that Ivan had a daughter with an unusual name for our time - Antonida.Her husband was a farmer Bogdan Sabinin.In Susanin had two grandchildren - Constantine and Daniel, but when they were born, is unknown.
There is also no information about the wife and Ivan Osipovich.Historians tend to believe that at the time the farmer feat it was no longer alive.And as in the same period Antonida 16 years old, the researchers asked how many years has been to Ivan Susanin, when he started in the Polish forest, replied that he was in adulthood.That is about 32-40 years.
When everything happened
Today many people know what famous Ivan Susanin, and what he accomplished the feat.But the fact, in what year and at what time it happened, there are several versions.According to the first: the event took place in late autumn 1612.As the argument in favor of that date, provided the following information.Some legends question that Ivan the king hid in a hole recently burned barn.Also, history tells us that if the hero has charred a hole and covered with boards.But this theory has denied the majority of researchers.If this is still true, and ancient legends do not lie, that it was really the fall as barns stoked and fired at this time of year.
Or did last winter month 1613th?
In the minds of ordinary people, thanks to the numerous artistic paintings, literary works and opera Glinka MI, firmly entrenched image of Ivan Susanin, who led the Poles snow drifts through the forest.And it is a common version.Therefore, there is reason to believe that the feat was performed somewhere in the second half of February or early March.At that time, it was sent to the Poles, who were to kill the Tsar Mikhail in order to destroy the stabilization of Russia and to further the struggle for the right to become the head of the Russian throne.
But anyway, no one will never know the truth as to the exact date of the deed.After all, an incredibly large number of important details remain a mystery.Those that managed to save most likely interpreted, incorrectly.What famous Ivan Susanin, we are aware of.And let all the rest still remains a myth.
Death Susanin in Derevnische
Several historical chronicles, which tell how Ivan Susanin hid Romanov Yamnik Village Derevnische, in question and that in the same village, Ivan Osipovich Poles succumbed to torture and then deprived of life.But this theory is not supported by any documents.This version was not supported by almost anyone who has studied the life of the famous hero.
The most common version of the death
following theory about the death of the hero is the best known and most supported by historians.According to her, Ivan Susanin, a feat which is described above, died on Isupovskom swamp.And the image of a red pine that has grown on the blood of the hero, is considered incredibly poetic.The second title of the swamp sounds like "pure", because it is bathed in blood pained Ivan Osipovich.But all this is just speculation folklore.Be that as it may, it was a swamp is the main site of action of all Susaninskaya feat.The farmer on the Poles drove quagmire, luring them into the depths of the forest, away from the village they need.
But at the same time and there is a lot of questions.If Ivan Susanin (history the feat described above) really died in the marsh, then if all Poles died after his death?Or only some of them sunk into oblivion?Who then told that the farmer is no longer alive?On the death of the Poles there is no mention in some documents that failed to find historians.But there is a perception that real (as opposed to folk) hero Ivan did not die in the swamp, and in some other place.
Death in the village Isupova
third version with respect to the death of Ivan says that he did not die in the swamp, and in the village Isupova.This is evidenced by a document in which the great-grandson of Susanin (Sobinin IL) requested the Empress Anna Ioannovna confirm benefits, the situation of descendants of Ivan Susanin.According to the petition, it was in this village of Ivan Osipovich overtook his death.If you believe this legend, the death of his countryman and residents have seen Isupova.Then it turns out, they brought bad news to the village Domnino, and perhaps they are brought to the body of the deceased.
This version is the only theory that is under a documented.It is considered and the most real.In addition, the great-grandson, who was not so remote in the time frame of his great-grandfather, could not know what the famous Ivan Susanin, and where he died.Many historians also share this hypothesis.
Where buried Ivan Osipovich Susanin
will naturally question of where is the grave of Russian hero.If you believe the legend that he died in the village is Isupova, not on the same swamp, the burial should be mandatory.It is assumed that the body of the deceased was buried in the cemetery near the Church of the Resurrection, which was the parish church for the inhabitants of villages and Domnino Derevnische.But this fact is not tangible and multiple proofs.
can not and does not mention the fact that a little later after the burial of the body of Ivan was reburied in the Ipatiev Monastery.It is also a version that does not have sufficient evidence.And she was rejected by virtually all researchers feat Susanin.
