glycerol or propanetriol according to the international nomenclature -1,2,3 - a complicated matter that relates to the polyhydric alcohol to be exact is a trihydric alcohol, as3 has a hydroxyl group - OH.Glycerol similar chemical properties to those of the monohydric alcohol, but acidic properties are more pronounced due to the fact that more and hydroxyl groups, they influence each other.
Glycerin as alcohols with one hydroxyl group, is highly soluble in water.It can be said also qualitative reaction to glycerol, as it dissolves in water in practically any ratio.This property is used in the manufacture of antifreeze - liquids that do not freeze and cooled aircraft engines and machines.
glycerin reacts with potassium permanganate.This qualitative reaction to glycerin, which is also called the volcano Scheele.For its implementation it is necessary to powder potassium permanganate, which is poured in the form of slides with a recess in a porcelain bowl, add 1-2 drops of anhydrous glycerin.Within minutes, the mixture spontaneously ignites violet flame.During the reaction, a large amount of heat and hot particles scatter the reaction products and water vapor.This reaction is oxidation-reduction.
Glycerin is hygroscopic, ieIt is able to retain moisture.It is at this property based on the following qualitative reaction of glycerol.It is performed in a fume hood.For its implementation in a clean, dry test tube pour about 1 cm3 crystal of potassium hydrogen sulfate (KHSO4).Add 1-2 drops of glycerin, and then heating until a sharp odor.Potassium hydrogen sulphate acts here as a vodopoglaschayuschee substance that is starting to show when heated.Glycerin, losing water is converted into unsaturated compound - acrolein, which has a sharp odor.Reaction equation: S3N5 (OH) 3 - H2C = CH-CHO + 2 H2O.
reaction of glycerin with copper hydroxide is quality and serves to determine not only glycerol but also other polyols.In order to carry out its initially necessary to prepare a fresh solution of copper hydroxide (II).To this end, copper sulfate, sodium hydroxide and copper hydroxide we obtain (II), which forms a blue precipitate.This precipitate was added to the test tube several drops of glycerine and observe that the precipitate disappeared and the solution preobrel blue color.Form a complex called glycerate alkoxide or copper.Qualitative reaction with glycerol hydroxide, copper (II) is used, if the glycerol is pure or in aqueous rastvre.For such reactions, in which glycerol is impure, it is necessary to carry out preliminary cleaning it from them.
Qualitative reaction to glycerin to help detect it in any environment.It is widely used for the determination of glycerol in food, cosmetics, perfume, medicine and antifreeze.
