XVI - XVII century, many rightly called one of the most glorious periods in the history of physics.It was at this time were largely laid the foundations without which the further development of this science would have been simply unthinkable.Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler did a great job to say about physics as a science that can answer almost any question.Apart in a whole series of discoveries is the law of gravity, the final wording of which belongs to the prominent English scientist Isaac Newton.
main importance of work of this scientist is not the discovery of the gravitational force - the presence of this magnitude before Newton said, and Galileo, and Kepler, and that he is the first to prove that on the Earth and in outer spaceapply the same force between the bodies.
Newton confirmed in practice and theoretically substantiated the fact that absolutely all the bodies in the universe, including those that are on earth, interact with each other.This interaction has been called gravity, while the process of gravity - gravity.
This interaction occurs between the bodies because there is a special, unlike any other kind of matter, which in science is called a gravitational field.This field exists and operates completely around any object, with no protection against it does not exist, as it has nothing on like any ability to penetrate the material.
strength of gravity, the definition and formulation of which gave Isaac Newton, it is in direct proportion to the product of the masses of interacting bodies, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance mezhduetimi objects.According to Newton, irrefutably confirmed by practical explorations, the force of gravity is the following formula:
F = Mm / r2.
It belongs to the special value of the gravitational constant G, which is approximately 6.67 * 10-11 (H * m2) / kg 2.
strength of gravity with which bodies are attracted to the Earth, is a special case of Newton's law is called gravity.In this case, the gravitational constant and the mass of the Earth can be neglected, so the formula of finding the force of gravity would look like this:
F = mg.
Here g - not that other, as the acceleration of free fall, the numerical value of which is approximately equal to 9.8 m / s2.
Newton's law explains not only the processes that take place directly on the ground, he gives answers to many questions related to the device throughout the solar system.In particular, the force of gravitation between celestial bodies has a decisive influence on the motion of the planets in their orbits.The theoretical description of this movement has been given by Kepler, but his study became possible only after Newton formulated his famous law.
Newton himself linked the phenomenon of terrestrial and extraterrestrial gravity with a simple example: when fired from a cannon nucleus does not fly straight, and in an arcuate path.At the same time with an increase in the charge of gunpowder and the mass of the nucleus will be the last to fly farther and farther.Finally, if we assume that it is possible to get as much powder and construct a cannon to orbit the nucleus of the globe, that by doing this move, it will not stop and will continue its circular (ellipse) the movement turned into a man-made satellite.As a consequence, the force of gravity is the same in nature and in the world, and in outer space.
