In order to understand what the needs of the individual and how they differ from the needs of plants and animals have to first understand what is meant by the term "needs."
need for psychology and philosophy is a condition which is inherent only living organisms.This condition expresses the dependence of the body on the environmental conditions for the existence and development.This condition causes the activity of the body's form.
different organisms have different needs.Plants need only mineral substrate for power, light and water.
more diverse needs of animals, despite the fact that they are based on instincts.Fear of the power, the desire to reproduce a dream - these are the "necessity" of living organisms.
Human needs is very, very diverse.They are caused by two main factors: the presence of the first (common with animals) and the second signal system (speech and thinking) and high mental organization.That is why human needs so ambiguous, focused and are a major source of activity of the person.
special person that he is able to recognize their own subjective views about the need for the objective of its content.Only man is capable of understanding that, in order to meet the need, you must first set a goal and then reach it.
Even the physical needs of people differ from those of animals.That is why they are directly connected with the forms of activity and can vary considerably in their lifetime.
Human needs reprezentuyutsya his desires, aspirations, inclinations and passions, and their satisfaction is always accompanied by the appearance evaluation of emotions.Joy, satisfaction, pride, anger, shame, resentment - is what distinguishes man from animals.
needs are a form of manifestation of desire.They can be traced to the aspirations and interests, they move the whole life of man and his activities.
theme "man and his needs" study, scientists from many disciplines: philosophers, psychologists, economists, and so on. D., And they all came to the unequivocal conclusion: if we talk about the person, his needs are endless.
The reason is simple.One requirement entails another.At least one meeting, a person has other needs.
classification needs - an ambiguous term, a lot of them.For example:
- requirements associated with the sphere of human activity: it is the need for the work of new knowledge, the need for relaxing and socializing.
- application object needs can be physical, spiritual, biological, aesthetic and other spheres of life.
- subjective requirements are divided into group and individual, social and collective.
- By the nature of activities: games, sex, food, defense, communication, cognitive.
- On the functional role of needs, many scientists believe, can be dominant or secondary, central or peripheral, stable or situational.
his classification requirements offered H. Murray, BI Dodonov, Guilford, Maslow and other researchers.Although several different approaches, one almost all converge.
all human needs can be divided into natural and cultural acquisitions.Based on natural instincts are fixed at genetics.
Cultural acquired with age.They can be simple or complex acquired acquired.The first arise on the basis of their own experience (for example, the need to communicate with friends or the need for the work he loves).The latter occur on the basis of ab initio own conclusions.For example, believers need a confession, not because their own conclusions about what it is needed, but because it is assumed that after the confession becomes easier.
