order for an organization to function fully and to make the appropriate product or type of service at its disposal must be a corresponding material base and its sources.
material base of the organization, its main capital - is the buildings, machinery, equipment, various structures, machinery, which the organization owns and are involved in the production process, as well as valued at the cash option fixed assets.Naturally, without the necessary materials and aids, no production can not exist.
concept of basic foundation of the organization and its components
Sincethe main capital of the company or organization associated with their stock structure, it is necessary to examine in more detail the question of fixed assets.
- First, this production assets: vehicles, equipment and machinery, electrical, machinery, roads, etc., ie,everything that directly or indirectly involved in the production and marketing of intermediate and final products.Naturally, all this wears out over time and as the operation to keep them in the right form, or replace with new money is needed.The cost of renovation is included in the finished product, and completion is through capital investments.
- Secondly, the so-called basic non-productive assets: residential buildings, buildings under the socio-cultural organizations (kindergartens, schools, houses of culture, art, healthcare), etc.They are not directly involved in the production process, but their service.Restoration and reproduction of their national revenues come from the state, and to a lesser extent at the expense of individuals.
- Third, it is negotiable funds and appeals.
Each species has its own stock rather complicated structure and a plurality of components.It is necessary to say that industrial fixed assets are divided into active and passive.The first involved in critical production processes on them judge the performance and viability of the enterprise.The latter are intended to ensure the full functioning of assets.
Evaluation of fixed capital
Thus, fixed capital - an expression of the basic production assets of the enterprise in terms of money.It is necessary to calculate the amounts of specific elements of the degree of wear of fixed assets and the allocation of appropriate funds for the restoration of production material base.Sincefixed assets intended for long-term maintenance and conditions of reproduction and recovery are changing fast enough, assessment of fixed capital produced in several ways: book evaluation or initial, replacement, liquidity, residual, average.Let us briefly what are some of them.
At book value fixed assets - is the money that went into the initial purchase of fixed assets.This includes the cost of transportation on delivery, installation work, commissioning, etc.Prices are taken from the calculation of those who acted at the time of site development.
When evaluating replacement fixed assets - is the cost of fixed assets already today and accounting distortion of the price factor due to inflation and other social and economic processes.To calculate the replacement value shall apply:
a) the method of indexing the book value;
b) the method of direct conversion of the book value with respect to the prices that prevailed in the beginning of January of the next calendar year.
Residual value - it is the difference in prices that occurs between the primary value and the depreciation of fixed assets in terms of money.Other methods also have their specific value.
forms of fixed capital
main capital of the organization at different stages of its existence, can have different forms of expression:
- investment, ie,investing in the real existing assets: purchase of equipment, construction of buildings, etc .;
- directly to production and amortization of equipment, its physical and moral deterioration;
- revenues or reimbursement - at their expense there is a new purchase of the means of production.
In addition, components of core capital are: funds mainly invest for the long term to increase long-term assets, investments in securities, as well as assets that are not material - it is intellectual property products, the reputation of the organization, organizational, financial expenses, etc..d.
calculation and evaluation of the basic capital of the organization is carried out by special formulas.
