Egyptian Pharaoh Tutankhamun belongs to the eighteenth dynasty of Egyptian rulers.He reigned from 1347 by 1337 BC.The extent of his relationship with the predecessor Amenhotep IV for the scientists is still a mystery.It is possible, Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun was the younger brother of Akhenaten's father and son last - Amenhotep III.There are those who believe that it was the king's son in law.After all, he was not yet ten years old, and had already married one of the daughters of Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti.
during the reign of Pharaoh Tutankhamun
received the throne at the age of nine.He was brought up in the spirit of atenism.This cult of the sun god Aten, which was introduced in Egypt, Amenhotep IV.However, the actual rule in the country passed to two tutors and regents of the juvenile pharaoh - Ay and Horemheb, the onetime associates of Akhenaten, was anathema to the teachings of his former patron saint immediately after his death.
sooner ascended the throne of Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamen did not leave a significant mark in the history to historians only know that in the years of his reign in the country went a process of restoration of religious cults.Many of them have been rejected for the sake of the Supreme Aton.That same Tutankhamun, whose name originally sounded "Tutankhaton", canceled it, proving its commitment to revive the ancient cult of Amun.
To new gods
It became known, when archaeologists managed to decipher the text of a large stele erected them in the main temple of the god at Karnak.From there, it became known that King Tut not only returned to the old cult, but returned to the priests worshiping Amun, all their rights and property.
However, the change did not happen immediately.The first four years after its entry to the throne and, according to historians, under the influence of Queen Nefertiti, Pharaoh Tutankhamun was still rule from Ahetatona.It was only after his mother's death of former supporters of the cult religions have managed to completely take over.
But leaving the territory Ahetatona, the court of Pharaoh did not return to Thebes and moved to Memphis.Of course, the Pharaoh Tutankhamun occasionally called at the southern capital.There he even participated in the city's main festivities in honor of Amun.However, for unknown reasons, their historians resident he chose Memphis.
restored the cult of the old gods, including Amun, King Tut is not subjected to persecution previous priests.Sun images of Akhenaten and he ordered to leave intact.Furthermore, some inscriptions of the ruler called himself "the son of the Aten."
Foreign Policy
During his reign, Egypt began to gradually restore its international influence, which is considerably deteriorated in the previous pharaoh reformer.Thanks to the determination of the commander Horemheb, who shortly after his mysterious death was the last ruler of the eighteenth dynasty, Tutankhamun managed to strengthen the position of the state in Syria and Ethiopia.Perhaps domestic "peace" achieved with the efforts of the young king of his entourage, led by Aye, many contributed to reinforcing the country's external position.In honor of the victory over Syria at Karnak it was even depicted the arrival of the king's ship, where the prisoners were in the cell.
Achievements
According to historians, at the same time, Egypt led the successful military battles in Nubia.Some researchers argue that the pharaoh Tutankhamun enrich their churches trophies of war booty.From the inscription in the tomb of Amenhotep - Viceroy of Nubia, which is abbreviated called Hai, it became known that some of the tribes paid tribute.
During the reign of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, photo funerary mask which is, even in school textbooks, enhanced recovery led many destroyed under his predecessor former shrines of the gods.And he carried out not only in Egypt but also in the Nubian city of Kush.It is known for several churches, including in the Cave, and Faras.Subsequently, however, Ay and Horemheb ruthlessly erased cartouches of Tutankhamun, usurping all that when it was erected.
clearly expected his brilliant future, but he unexpectedly died without even having to leave behind an heir.
circumstances of the death
Despite the fact that the famous Egyptian ruler lived more than thirty-three centuries ago, the mystery, which covered the history of the pharaoh Tutankhamun, the mystery of his death and mummification still continues to interest scientists.
death of pharaoh Tutankhamen - the governor of the New Kingdom - caught at a very early age.At the time of death he was barely nineteen years.Such an early death for a long time was considered sufficient reason to call it unnatural.Some historians believe that the Pharaoh Tutankhamun was murdered by his own regent Ay, then became the new ruler.
clue death
Recent studies, however, gives us some hope about the fact that the mystery of the death of the boy-king can be found.Finding his tomb in 1922 was a sensation.Among the few graves that have survived thousands of years later in a relatively intact, the tomb of King Tutankhamun hit wealth.It was packed full of ivory and gold, as well as various decorations.Among them was the famous funerary mask of King Tutankhamun.
Nevertheless, how the king was buried, it seems very strange.Perhaps these things says that in his death, not all "pure".Most scientists suspect is a tomb boy.Its small size and finishing unfinished indicate that this young ruler died suddenly.It is this fact, and a number of other leads to the conclusion that his death is violent.
investigation
After 3300 years after the mysterious death of King Tut British film producer Anthony Geffen took over the investigation of this ancient mystery.To this end, he even hired two detectives today - former FBI investigator Greg Cooper and director of the Department of Criminology of the police Ogden (Utah) Mike King.
The order was handed over to detectives vast amount of material.It was not only scientific papers and a photo of the tomb of Tutankhamun, X-ray analysis of his mummy and the conclusion of many experts.Based on all this, the detectives tried to unravel the mystery of the death of the pharaoh with the methods of modern criminology.And they, surprisingly, failed to prove that King Tut was murdered.Moreover, they say they were even able to calculate the killer.However, many prominent Egyptologists believe the conclusions of these detectives nonsense.Moreover, they believe that the study of Cooper and King concocted from old theories, and therefore can not be taken seriously.
amazing tomb of King Tutankhamun's Tomb, which experts call the object of KV62, located in the "Valley of the Kings."It is practically the only tomb that almost robbed.And so it came to scientists in its original form, despite the fact that it opened two grobnichnye thieves.
her in 1922 discovered the famous Egyptologists: British archaeologist Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon amateur.The tomb, they found just struck: it perfectly preserved decorations, but most importantly - it is a sarcophagus with the mummified body.
In the eyes of historians and archaeologists Tutankhamun remained obscure minor pharaoh.Moreover, there were even doubts even the reality of the existence of such a pharaoh.This misconception continued until the early twentieth century.Therefore, the detection of the tomb of Tutankhamun was seen as the greatest event.
Opening century
On November 1922, when it was cleared the entrance to his tomb, it was found that the seals on the door untouched.This gave hope to make one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the century.
twenty-sixth of November of that year, Carter and Carnarvon first time in three thousand years later in the tomb.
lasted a few months after the excavations, the Sixteenth February 1923 Carter was able to finally go down to the "holy of holies" - the burial chamber.It was called the "Golden Halls" - the place where the sarcophagus and the mummy of King Tutankhamun.Among the many utensils and objects buried with the ruler, and it was found many examples of art, which were printed the influence of culture Amarna period.
Fame
owner of all these treasures, then still completely unknown and unexplored young Egyptian ruler, immediately became the object that attracted attention worldwide.A itself is a phenomenal discovery not only has made his name in the proverbial, but also triggered a surge of interest to all other traces of this ancient civilization in the modern world.
The Curse of King Tut
After Egyptologists Lord Carnarvon and Howard Carter discovered the tomb was in the "Valley of the Kings", the story of the mummy became envelops multiple secrets and fears.
Less than two months after she was found the mummy of King Tutankhamun, fifth of April 1923 in Cairo the hotel "Continental", died 57-year-old Lord Carnarvon.As stated in the conclusion, death overtook him as a result of "mosquito bite".But this was only the beginning.Then followed the demise of a few people - participants of the excavations.They all went down to the tomb of Tutankhamun.They turned out to be: Wood - a radiologist, who shone directly into the mummy's tomb, La Fleur - a professor of literature from England, Mace - a specialist in conservation, as well as assistant to Howard Carter - Richard Befil.Reporters started talking about the curse that brings the tomb of King Tutankhamun.
death of Lord Carnarvon was really strange: he allegedly died of pneumonia, which began after the mosquito bite.However, mystical coincidence minute of his death around Cairo, the lights went out completely, and in his homeland - back in London - the dog whined piteously Lord.A few minutes later she fell down dead.
But this curse of King Tut has not ended.As reported in the information sources, many Egyptians - local residents who participated in the excavation, died shortly after the tomb was opened King Tut.
Mystics added and the death of five Europeans, too, had a direct bearing on the finding.One of them died of fever, others from a heart attack or from exhaustion.
No curse does not exist
All the treasures of Tutankhamen's tomb Britons were taken and sent to their museums.But when the world began to talk about the curse of the pharaohs overtakes all those involved in the "desecration" of their graves on the subject began to make films and write novels.
But even if it existed, it affected some reason not all.For example, the same Howard Carter lived to old age and died at sixty-four years, and had lived seventeen years after the opening of the sarcophagus.
In contrast to the mystical explanation of the curse of some pseudo-scientific sources began to try to rationalize the cause of death of all those people who have been in contact with the tombs or mummies.There are three probable version.This action of poisons present in the sarcophagus and laid at the burial, exposure to certain radioactive elements or fungus that breed in the grave mold.
addition, Egyptologists suggest that religious and magical practices of this civilization was no such thing as a "curse", and many people involved in the study of other tombs have not experienced any problems with mysticism.Therefore, in the creation of this legend, scientists accuse journalists who made a sensation of each of the deaths of those who were associated with the tomb of Tutankhamun.
