the middle of the eleventh century Norman duchy reached full bloom.The feudal system contributed to the creation of wonderful military units that are supplied to the Duke of his vassals, and heavily armed knights cavalry Normandy has earned itself immortal fame.In addition, the state had a large income from all domains.A powerful central authority, pristrunyavshaya and vassals, and the church was clearly stronger than the English.Norman conquest of England was thus a foregone conclusion.
Wilhelm against Harold
announcing Harold II, was brutally cruel English King Dane, a usurper and a perjurer, and with the support of Pope Alexander II, William hiking met: to recruit volunteers for the borders of the Duchy to help her is not a weak army, built a lot of cargo ships, armed and food supplies.And soon everything was ready, to the conquest of England by William of Normandy took place.
Camp duchy was boiling from the abundance of troops - the knights came from all the surrounding areas: Brittany, Picardy, Flanders, Artois.Historians have not been able to establish the exact number of troops of William, but the ships he had at least seven hundred and, consequently, the troops that took on its southern shores of the country of England, obtained no less than seven thousand.For the first time so many people at once crossed the English Channel.
Harold knew about the preparation.Assembled in the south of England, ships and troops awaited the arrival of William the fully armed.But Wilhelm was even trickier than suspected Harold.In the north of England, William suddenly landed allies from Norway and disgraced British opponents Harold.Harold was able to turn the troops and even beat the attackers, but then, without delay, the day began with the Norman conquest of England south.
army Harold
landing of the enemy forced to turn weakened and weary troops back to Hastings on the way there have been attempts to collect militias.However, everything happened so fast that even in London for the arrival of Harold militia has not yet gathered.Unlike William, he was not seriously armed cavalry, the bulk of its troops had been walking and diverse.There were huskerly and peasants, armed with someone in that much: peasants - axes and clubs, with the earls huskerlami had swords, shields and battle axes, but did not have horses and archers and cavalry battle Harold did not have time to start.
meeting of old and new
Norman conquest of England in 1066 happened on October 14.Wilhelm led well-trained to fight right from the saddle, knightly battle-hardened troops of archers and cavalry.The defeat of the Anglo-Saxons were a foregone conclusion.The defeat was swift and final - few escaped.Harold also died.
Wilhelm gave the rest of troops in robberies and raids on peasant surroundings, he was nowhere to hurry.While Dover, London and kentberiyskaya tops understand and comprehend what had happened, they resigned and took William the Conqueror as a come on the right of the strong, it took several days.But not soon came to the country after the Norman conquest of England!
After five days of William the army moved to Dover.It was a triumph!Not only London cowardly townspeople huddled in their homes, for fear of pogroms, but mostly English lords, earls, sheriffs, bishops William fell in feet and tried to make friends with him.Southern England has not had any resistance at all to William.In a very short time he resigned and North.
anointing of a
And happened: the Christmas celebration at the junction of 1066 and 1067's, William the Conqueror arrived at Westminster in the solemn event.The situation there was unpredictable.England after the Norman conquest of uprisings here and there.Entered false accusation of betrayal and suites Wilhelm responded peculiar.
All the houses around the cathedral, where the anointing took place in the kingdom, were set on fire, and the fire victims were beaten to death, do not understand the gender, age and religion.Temple left all but the clergy who continued to serve, driven to the end of the sacrament, and William met the first moments of triumph in splendid isolation.So strangely ended Norman conquest of England in the first stages.
reign
Despite the promise of William to be the guarantor of the good laws of King Edward, it's Normans continued violence and looting.Population permanently rebel, his most severe suppressed with fire and sword.For the greater humility of citizens began construction of London's famous Royal castle - the Tower.
northern regions of England are so fed up with his Wilhelm uprisings that in 1069 he applied to them scorched earth tactics (the Germans in Katyn were not the first).Punitive Expedition Wilhelm did not leave on the whole space of the valley to the York Durham either whole house or a living person - no.This desert stood up to the twelfth century when little by little it began to settle.But this, of course, is not the main consequences of the Norman conquest of England.
management organization
Considering all the Anglo-Saxons as rebels, William the Conqueror continued to call himself the legitimate heir of Edward the Confessor.Immediately after the deeds "English Khatyn" all the lands of England became the property of the king.Seizures were subjected not only to the rebels, but also those who were not sufficiently loyal to the new government.
Huge land belonging to the Crown, brought enormous income: rent from leasing the sheriffs, who then knocked her from ordinary people.That's the rent, compared to the time of Edward the Confessor, was higher by more than fifty percent.The country has agreed to that.What has been started Norman conquest of England?Briefly - for profit.But not only.
course, William left itself is not all, though its share was truly the lion.Feuds, who received his entourage were ten times more available to them on the territory of Normandy.Wilhelm church for a long time did not hurt, not selected the land.
Across England build castles - and those that are easier for ordinary embankments with moats and palisades, and complex engineering structures to withstand a long siege.Pl huge stone citadel, like the Tower of London, Rochester, Hedingema.These locks were baronial.All of them belonged to the king.The conquest of England by William of Normandy went on.
"Domesday Book"
so called land census in 1085 that Wilhelm spent in England.It was a very detailed book.Data were separated into three sections: before the conquest, the year 1066 and the year 1085. It has been rewritten: the composition of land each county and each of the hundreds, the exact income, composition and number of people, their condition.The respondents were the completely all the barons, sheriffs, old age, free men and six out of every village serfs.All of them testified under oath.Thus it has been rewritten from the thirty-four and thirty-eight County.
Policy
It was a good move, to see the main consequences of the Norman conquest of England.William the census downright presented information on the possible income and suggested a way to systematize weaning "Danish money".The book got a huge, detailed and reliable.William realized that it is possible to recoup the levies Norman conquest of England.Briefly describe such a book does not make sense.
Manor that William gave to any of the barons, never side by side with those plots, which already owned the Baron.For example, Robert Merton had about eight manors, which were located in forty counties.For others - a little smaller, but the principle is the same.
It would seem absurd.But here again a clear calculation.Neither Baron will not be able to strengthen its influence in any particular county, which, of course, helps to strengthen the royal power.The only exceptions were the feudal lords-guards, guarding the approaches to the sea and land.They had even more rights and privileges.After the Norman conquest of England first began to feel a single state.
King as the supreme proprietor of all the land in England was overlord of all the holders of the land, no matter where and under what circumstances they either got it.Wilhelm all landowners tied oath of service to the king (Oath of Salisbury).Purely English Special feudal arrangement - the king through the head office of the rest of his vassals.King gained more support and credibility.The country has intensified after the conquest of the state, despite a lot of sadness and suffering.This is the main consequences of the Norman conquest of England.
