Case endings of nouns.

What case endings are nouns?The answer to this question can be found in the materials of the present article.We also tell you about the differences between the case endings of nouns different declination, and give some examples.

General

Know how to change the words on cases, extremely important.After spelling the case endings brings a lot of problems during the creation of a literate text.It should be noted that the choice of a letter in the noun depends entirely on what it is to decline they relate.By the way, errors in spelling endings s or -e occur only in some case forms: dative, genitive and prepositional.That is why they are encouraged to remember.

What decline?Types declinations

Nominal parts of speech in the Russian language are inclined in accordance with the type of adjective and substantive and pronouns.In this article, we are only interested in a substantive decline.It is subdivided into three subtypes.Let us examine them in more detail:

1. the 1st declination change nouns (singular) of the total (crybaby), male (male) and female (mother) family, which are the end of the th or -a in the nominative case.
2. the 2nd declination change nouns (singular) masculine, with zero ending (nail house) or the ending -e, -o (domische, little house) and neuter ending with -e, -eand D (field spear window) in the nominative case.
3. the 3rd declination change nouns (singular) is feminine, ending in a hissing or a soft consonant (eg, pride, thought, branch).If a word is a consonant at the end of hissing, then it belongs to the 3rd declination should designate a soft sign (such as a mouse, rye, stove, etc.).

case endings of nouns singular

to competently write, for example, a letter, it is desirable to know all the possible endings of nouns different declinations.To do this decline on cases related words.

Nouns 1st declination

1. nominative (who? What?) - Dads (a) in (a) Number (s), Yule (s).
2. Mortality genitive (what? Who?) - Dad (s), in (s) Number (s), Yule (s).
3. Dative (what? Who?) - Dads (e) in (e) Number (s), Yule (e).
4. Mortality accusative (what? Who?) - Dads (y) in (y) Number (w), Yule (w).
5. ablative (what? What?) - Dads (oh), willow (th) Number (s), Yule (s).
6. Prepositional case (what? Whom?) - Of popes (e), an in (e) of Number (s) of Yule (e).

case endings of nouns 1st declination are the same for all similar words.That is why, if you have difficulties during their writing, then you can safely look at this table and determine the correct ending.

Nouns 2nd declination

1. nominative (who? What?) - Deer (_) Watermelon (_) floor (s), palates (a).
2. Mortality genitive (what? Who?) - Deer (I), watermelon (a), the floor (s), palates (a).
3. Dative (what? Who?) - Deer (w), watermelon (y), the floor (w), palates (y).
4. Mortality accusative (what? Who?) - Deer (I), watermelon (_) floor (s), palates (a).
5. ablative (what? What?) - Deer (it), watermelon (OI), the floor (it), palates (th).
6. Prepositional case (for whom? What?) - The deer (e) of the watermelon (e), the floor (e) of palates (e).

nouns of the 3rd declension

1. nominative (who? What?) - The lynx (_) mouse (_).
2. Mortality genitive (what? Who?) - Rys (s), Mouse (s).
3. Dative (what? Who?) - Rys (s), Mouse (s).
4. Mortality accusative (what? What?) - The lynx (_) mouse (_).
5. ablative (what? What?) - The lynx (w), mouse (w).
6. Prepositional case (what? Whom?) - About Rys (s) about Mouse (s).

Unstressed case endings of nouns

order not to make mistakes while writing text, teachers encourage their students to remember the end of the three declinations.However, this is not as easy as it seems at first glance.It is especially difficult to remember the words that are unstressed case endings.But in this case the Russian language there is a separate rule.Imagine it now.

If case endings of nouns are in the unstressed position, their correct spelling is determined by examining the words of the same type of decline, ending in a similar letter, standing under the stress.Here is an example:

• knee, field, lake (face, window, chisel);
• about the book (of the hand);
• horses, bowls (stumps, tables);
• guard, house, field, glue (with a knife, a table edge, window);
• lake, chairs, stone (windows, tables, stump);
• on the lookout, about a teacher in the field of dress (a knife, on horseback, in the window of the laundry);
• songs servants windows (teachers, cities, seas).

nouns plural

On what case endings are singular nouns, we have considered above.But sometimes it takes the right to decline and words appearing in the plural.It should be noted that their case endings do not depend on whether the decline is the initial form of the noun.However, they may differ significantly from the inanimate and animate objects (not always).

inanimate nouns, standing in the plural

1. nominative (what?) - Chair (s), watermelon (s).
2. genitive (what?) - Chair (s), watermelon (s).
3. Dative (what?) - Chair (s), watermelon (s).
4. accusative (what?) - Chair (s), watermelon (s).
5. ablative (what?) - Chair (s), watermelon (s).
6. Prepositional case (what?) - On the chair (s), watermelon (s).

Animate nouns, standing in the plural

1. nominative (who?) - Lan (s), lionesses (s).
2. genitive (who?) - Lan (s), lionesses (_).
3. Dative (who?) - Lan (s), lionesses (s).
4. accusative (who?) - Lan (s), lionesses (_).
5. ablative (by whom?) - Lan (s), lionesses (s).
6. Prepositional case (for whom?) - On lan (s), lionesses (s).

heteroclite (nouns)

As mentioned above, nouns have some kind of case endings, depending on which of the three declinations they relate.However, the Russian uncommon and heteroclite.These include nouns, that after a change for case closure have different declinations.

So to heteroclite nouns is ten words neuter that end in -mya.We call them in order:

• burden;
• banner;
• tribe;
• time;
• stirrup;
• udder;
• crown;
• flames;
• name;
• seed.

addition to heteroclite is masculine "way".To properly dispose such nouns, you should know that if they have a change -en- or -ёn suffix (for example: the flag - the flag, the crown - the crown, the name - the names and so on.).

Note

Nouns that end in -iya (series, army, Maria, line, and so on.) Are a special version of the declination.Thus, in the prepositional forms, the genitive and dative, they have the ending -u.Here is an example:

• genitive (what? Who?) - Series (and), the army (and), Marie (s) line (s).
• Dative (what? Who?) - Series (and), the army (and), Marie (s) line (s).
• Prepositional case (what? Whom?) - About the series (and), the army (and) about Marie (s) of the line (s).

It should be noted that these words are not recommended to be confused with the names of nouns ending in -ya (eg, Natalia, Maria, Sophia).After all, they are inclined by common rules and are in the forms and prepositional dative -e ending (Natalia, Maria, Sophia).

way, proper names, which are called settlements (Kashin, Borodino Kalinin), have a special form in the instrumental case (in the singular).Thus, these words tend modeled on nouns 2nd declension case ending, and have th (Kalinin, Kashin, Borodino).We can not say that these words should not be confused with the Russian surnames (Kashin, Borodin, Kalinin), which are instrumental case has the ending of th (Kalinin, Kashin, Borodin).