passive voice is common in many languages.The subordinate clause with the grammatical subject of passive design expresses the theme or patsiens meaning of the verb, that is to say, a thing or a person is exposed.In linguistics made to identify the properties of the predicate argument in terms of semantic roles (Agent, patsiens).It contrasts with an active design in which the subject takes the role of the Agent.
understand what the passive voice in English (Passive Voice), simply knowing what the active voice (Active Voice).Its general definition: the subject performs the action of the verb - Agens (acting).For example: «Our dog has puppies» (Our dog puppies), «Something happened» (Something happened).
Passive Voice is formed verbal forms that meet two requirements.Firstly, it should be the past participle (loved, given, etc.).Secondly, the subject performs the action of the excellent semantic role is not such as in Active Voice.
Here are some examples that show how the passive construction.
active voice: Antonio loves Amy.Anton semantic role eksperientsera (party situation, which acts as the carrier of feelings).Amy, a source of emotions Antonio - the role of the stimulus.
passive design will look like this: Amy is loved by Antonio.The first criterion - it is the past participle.The subject in this case, "Amy," but it still acts as a stimulus.Thus, clause meets both requirements - the past participle and the subject of the action associated with the different than in the active voice, role.
Another example: «We gave Brett lots of gifts».The subject (subject) "We" plays the role of the Agent.The "Brett", an indirect, the role of the recipient (the recipient).The direct - "many gifts" - patsiens (object of action).The passive voice must be past participle «given», and the subject who plays more a role other than the Agent: «Lots of gifts were given to Brett» (patsiens as the subject).«Brett was given lots of gifts» (the subject performs the role of the recipient).
Enith Brigitha is swimming.Adverbial clause is in the active voice (the subject "ENIT Brigita" - Agens).We can not make it passive voice because there is no other role than that of the Agent to deliver a number of past participle «swum».
Alan Roscoe died.It is also not possible to convert a valid passive voice.The subject realizes the only one verb semantic role (role patsiensa).
In the examples «Amy is loved by Antonio»;«Brett was given lots of gifts», the past participle of the auxiliary verb should «be» in the appropriate form.Nevertheless, despite the fact that they are constructed according to the rule, but they do not really explain the typical examples of the formation of the passive voice.For example, there are the passive voice, which used the verb-copula «get»: «Bruce got caught».
Another example is when not using the form «be» - «We had the house painted last summer».Past participle kind of «painted» describes «the house», but the house does not painting, he - painted object.
The Active Voice subject - Executive action.The Passive Voice focuses on the phenomenon of (accident) and not on who (or what) fulfilled it.Passive Voice is also used when we do not want to take responsibility for something;when we want to avoid the use of "to be uncertain."
passive voice - wonderful grammatical form, quite common in the English language, for objective reasons.The grammatical structure of the English language is characterized by virtually complete absence of cases, therefore, particularly important place in a sentence.
passive voice in the Russian language is used only with transitive verbs with direct object, in the English language can be used all the verbs taking any supplement at all.
Supplement with the preposition «by» use when you need to say about the actions of the producer.Supplement with the preposition «with» - when you want to say about the gun, which is produced by the action.
