One of the basic constitutional rights of the citizen is the right to elect and be elected.In various countries, elections are held in different ways, because there are rules of conduct and its electoral system, which reflects the current balance of political forces in the state.
suffrage and the electoral system
elections in Russia are made on the principles of equal, direct and universal suffrage.Voting is then carried out in secret.
participate in them can all capable citizens, regardless of economic status, religion, national origin, etc.This opportunity is not available to persons serving a sentence (imprisonment) and citizens, recognized by the court nedeespobnymi.
Suffrage is passive and active.The first is the possibility of a citizen to be elected.In doing so, it must meet certain requirements and conditions: health, no criminal record, the period of residence, age, and others. An active suffrage means the ability of citizens to participate in elections, to vote for any candidate or party.
Types of electoral systems:
- Majority.Depending on the method of determining the majority may be relative, absolute and qualified.In the first case is the elected candidate (party), who voted for a greater number of citizens (a simple majority).In the second - it should be received at least 50% and 1 vote.In the third - winning candidate who received a qualified majority vote.For example, 2/3 of the voters participated.
- proportionality.In this case the distribution of seats depends on the number of votes received by a particular party.Citizens exercise their right to vote by voting for collective lists.The results are determined on the basis of the quota - the minimum votes required for 1st candidate.
- mixed electoral system.It combines proportional and majority.It operates, inter alia, in the Russian Federation.
Subjects suffrage
They are understood as potential participants in such relations.They have to meet certain requirements.In particular, enjoy the legal election, that is legal, limitation of disability, and delictual.The first is the ability to have provided for in the laws of the voting rights and responsibilities, and the second - to buy them on their own, modify, implement and stop, and the third - to answer for the wrongful exercise of rights and non-fulfillment of assigned duties.
the right to vote both individual and collective actors.The former include: citizens, candidates, their proxies, voters, observers, including international members of the relevant committees.The second - political associations, factions in the legislature, electoral associations and blocks, commissions, state bodies.
