Komi - the people living in the vast forests of the north-east of European Russia.Its main ethnographic groups are vymichi, verhnevychegortsy, pechortsy, Izhemtsy, udortsy, sysoltsy.The predecessor of the Republic of Komi Perm Vychegodskaya considered.
Traditional crafts
Since ancient times, the most widely used of these people have got a craft associated with the processing of wood.In the villages, it was impossible to find a farmer who could not make any of this stuff everyday items.Izhemsky Komi - people who, in addition, it was very well developed zamshedele.Tanning engaged in specially built for this purpose houses - "suede huts."In Sysolsk and Nizhnevychegodskoy areas once widespread received such craft as the manufacture of boots.
Another ancient occupation of Komi was pottery.Engaged in manufacturing home ware mostly women.The potter's wheel with virtually unused.He appeared at Komi in the XV century, however, a large spread and has not received.Dishes prepared oldest belt knotted way.Calcined molded preform in the Russian stove.
Traditional food
Traditions Komi - people for centuries lived side by side with the Russian, in relation to food are similar to ours.The main food of the peasants was porridge.As for first courses, the more often the hostess prepared soups and various kinds of soup, including meat.Liquid foods eaten mainly in the summer time.Very diverse Komi was fish menu.The fish is cooked, roasted, salted, baked her pies.In the northern peoples on the table could often be seen roast venison.As for vegetables, the vegetable gardens grown turnips, radishes, onions, turnips.Since the XIX century.There was widespread potato.
very popular at Komi was baked for which was used mainly barley and rye flour.Round bread Serve daily.On holidays hostess juicy baked, cakes, pies, muffins and so on. D. Very popular were also pancakes of barley flour.
Agriculture Farming
customs of the peoples of Komi is also very closely linked to the Russian.However, the most common cereal they had not wheat and barley.Until the XI century the land was treated by hand.In the XII century.plow and harrow started using cattle for draft power.Plowing Komi engaged mainly men.Harrow is made as northern Russian people, mostly teenagers.Shook the barley in early August.This work was considered feminine.Often, because of early frosts bread cleaned more green.
Hammer harvest using a special tool - flail.The design of it was extremely simple: a long wooden handle and connected with her rawhide strap a short beat.
Livestock
Komi - the people with the most ancient traditions in terms of livestock.The fact that the sedentary livestock existed already in the Kama II-I millennium BC.e., according to the archaeological sites open here.In the same river basin Vychegda cattle began to breed, probably somewhat later - in the I millennium BC.Scientists have discovered the bones of domestic animals in the monuments of culture Vym XI-XII centuries.Divorce Komi in antiquity, mainly cattle.Also, households kept sheep and horses.Wool, milk and meat is sold and used for himself.
Culture and the rites
originality and uniqueness of different culture - Komi people, among other things, its extremely interesting rituals.The latter can be divided into three main types:
- Birthing.This kind of ritual was mainly aimed at the safe birth of the child.Newborn called unusual word "chock".The word is derived from the "ancestor".This indicates that the Komi firmly believed that children come into this world from the world of the ancestors.Symbols of fertility rites were filled with many of the Komi.For example, the bride and groom at a wedding Stela sheepskin coat to subsequently they had many children.In addition, the bride before the wedding with the same purpose were planted on knees child.It showed great concern about the health of the Komi future children.Before the wedding family party carefully checked, whether to the family from which they came to intermarry, or mentally retarded patients.
- Wedding.In Komi there were only three forms of marriage: a bride money, dowry and kidnapping.Weddings Komi characterized by a large number of different binding ceremonies.
- burial and memorial.Funeral rituals differed from that of the people particularly complex.After the death of a man in the house halt all windows, paintings, icons, objects with glossy surfaces.The deceased was washed and placed in a spruce or a pine coffin.It was a common rite of the breaking of bread.
Komi - people with a rich culture, very original.Some of its rituals and traditions are similar to our Russian.However, there are many differences.Today Komi making a lot of effort to the traditions of their ancestors are not forgotten, arranging all sorts of festivals and national holidays.
