In the fight against mass vaccination campaigns, many parallel and refuse from the Mantoux test.But this little prick no relation to the vaccination has not.In this way, doctors just check how the immune system reacts to the introduction of the tuberculin.Normally should develop a small inflammation.To understand the body's response, it is necessary to know what should be the size of the mantle.The rate is set depending on the age of the child and the timing of administration of BCG vaccination.
whom and when do Mantoux
Basically this method checks the health of children.Even in the first days of life the infant being vaccinated - BCG, it is responsible for the formation of anti-TB immunity.If the timing of vaccine administration were not violated, for whatever reasons, the first Mantoux test done in one year.
If a child was not vaccinated in the hospital or in the first month of life, to make the BCG tuberculin test to rule out the disease.Many people wonder what should be the size of Mantoux a child without this vaccination.If the immunity the baby is not familiar with tuberculosis, then no reaction and should not be.Usually at the injection site in a healthy and unvaccinated baby are formed redness or seal.
Risk Group
Many parents refuse to tuberculin tests, explaining its position that in their environment is not sick.But many are not even aware that infected very easily.If you are a child visiting public places, be it kindergarten, educational clubs, schools, theaters and exhibitions, go to visit and use the vehicles in which the drive and the other people, then you are putting your child in danger.
Being in a society, you risk to meet with TB, which, perhaps, does not know about his illness.Note: in the lungs of any adult mycobacteria have the disease.While the immune system is able to hold them back, no problems.But as soon as the precipitating factors, the disease begins to develop.That is why it is so important to do the time trial for tuberculosis, and to know what should be the size of the mantle.
infusion reactions
Everyone knows that the result of the tuberculin test is evaluated in seventy-two hours after the injection.At the injection site on the second day of a so-called buttons, or infiltration.In view of this small bulging pimple reddish color.If you press it a transparent ruler, then we will see how it will turn pale.It is the solid portion and should be investigated, because it shows the size of the mantle.The norm of the reaction depends on when the child was made BCG.
Many do not know why injections of tuberculin.This study is to determine whether there is in the body sticks Koch.It can also show the period of activation to confirm the diagnosis of infection and "TB".In addition, it can be used to identify children who are not fully immune to the disease.
established norms in our country decided to do BCG still in the hospital, and the first injection of tuberculin - a year.Previously, it makes no sense to carry out, because the result may be distorted.To see if your child has a problem, you need to figure out what should be the size of the mantle.Negative sample considered, if after 72 hours can be seen only the injection site, and no infiltration at all.When papule 2-4 mm in diameter, or redness of any size result is considered doubtful.If an infiltrate is in the range of 5-17 mm, this is regarded as positive reaction.At the same time it is divided by the average - five to nine intense - ten to fourteen, and pronounced - in excess of fifteen millimeters.
If the size of Mantoux children or exceed 17 mm in the area of injection bubbles appear, necrotic area or enlarged lymph nodes, it is called hyperergic reaction, for adults the limit is 21 mm.
Terms
outcome measures for an adequate understanding of the situation, it is important to know that a negative test is only in the absence of immunity to tuberculosis.If a child has of BCG and tuberculin reaction is not, therefore, the vaccine does not work, it is desirable to make the booster.If the first baby is the Mantoux test, its size can be quite large.If it's been less than two years after the vaccination, it must be positive - this is evidence of adequate reactions to BCG.Note that in this case the baby must be a scar at the site of vaccine administration.If it is not, and a positive Mantoux test, it indicates the infected organism.
Two years after vaccination should decrease the size of the infiltrate.Usually, it disappears completely to seven years.Just at this time to carry out repeated BCG vaccination, it can help reinforce the immune system.Reducing the size of the "buttons" says that the most likely infection occurred.
Virage sample
In explaining what should be the size of the mantle, it is important not only that the show lineup, but also how this figure varies from year to year.So, superelevation tuberculin test called the following situations:
- the first appearance of a positive Mantoux test, provided that the previous results were less than 5 mm;
- size difference between the two samples made in neighboring years, more than 6 mm;
- papule more than 12 mm, even after BCG vaccination has been more than 4 years;
- infiltrate diameter exceeds 17 mm.
Rules
To obtained after 72 hours the result was significant, it is important to comply with certain conditions.Only in this case, the information about what should be the size of the mantle will be useful.For example, many remember from childhood that the injection can not be wet.But currently nurses said that in contact with water, there is nothing wrong.The main thing - do not rub or scratch the injection site, not a plaster to seal it, in any case not to smear peroxide, iodine or brilliant green.If it gets wet, blot it with a soft cloth.
Contraindications
There are a number of situations in which to do tuberculin test is inappropriate.These include the following:
- exacerbation of allergic reactions;
- communicable diseases;
- chronic diseases in the acute period of their occurrence (in such situations, try to do one month after remission);
- skin problems in a place where it is planned to inject;
- epileptic seizures;
- quarantine on any childhood infectious diseases.
For example, if your child has allergies or is sick, there is no reason to assess the size of the mantle.A normal result would only have a healthy baby.
Possible problems
Of course, most parents concerned about the interpretation of the results of the tuberculin test, but sometimes arise and related issues.Sometimes there is a need for re-injection.So, it happens in case of illness, which occurred after the introduction of the tuberculin.If the moment is missed, then the re-trial is held in a year, but if necessary, the interval may be reduced to six months.
Another problem is the failure to comply with the rules of administration.It makes no sense to find out what size should be Mantoux if not intradermal tuberculin introduced and deeper.A sign of improper administration is blood, appeared at the injection site.
