Natural fur as material for clothes used in ancient times, when severe weather conditions prompted our ancestors that the skins of dead animals will be useful for making warm clothes and blankets.It took more than one millennium, man has learned to dress and fur, paint, bleach, tint ... But the main achievement in this area was tanning leather and fur.
At the moment, the process is automated manufacture of fur, but includes all of the same basic processing steps that thousands of years ago.Only in spite of this, real fur is highly valuable material and expensive holders of its species - financially secure and successful people.
Types of fur and their characteristics
Depending on the species of animal fur is divided into:
- beaver fur (quite warm and waterproof material);
- otter (one of the most wear-resistant);
- raccoon fur (warm and very popular fur, relatively inexpensive);
- marten fur (also warm, hypoallergenic and sufficiently durable material);
- ermine (very rare, expensive and not the most practical option);
- astrakhan (expensive material with unusual coloring);
- fox fur (beautiful and practical material);
- fur seal (unpretentious care, fit for very low temperature);
- mink (beautiful, waterproof, practical, relatively expensive material: the cost of 1 meter mink is more than 6000 rubles).
This is not the entire range of products, there are other types of fur.
Processing fur - stretching material
now is to address the question of how to stretch the pelt or process previously prepared fur.To do this, you need to moisten the skin.Do it better with a brush or spray.An important role is played here by the water quality.It is better if it is distilled - without various metal impurities, chlorine and other elements.
After this procedure, the hide is to soak 30 minutes.Prolezhki exact time depends on the thickness and elasticity of the material.It is important not to allow excess moisture - fur should thus stay dry!
Stretching skins can be started at a time when the skin is almost dry.Changes should be made in the direction of the nap.Straighten the skin and pin nails or safety pins to the board.Try stretching at not damage the structure of the skin and hair.If the pile is long, then the material is attached fur up, and if the short or medium-length - fur to the board.
stretchable material must be strictly in sequence: first prick bottoms product, then the middle and then uniformly stretch the left and right of the center and diagonally upward to the edges.After finishing stretch, leave the product to dry completely.On average, this time is about one day.Then remove the peel and leave at least 2 hours on prolezhku.It should be noted that the stronger the stretched moist material, the more it is compressed.When you have finished talking about how to stretch the skin, you can proceed to other methods of treatment.
Processing fur - zhirovki
zhirovki necessary only if the reduced elasticity of the skin, then the work begins with fur.To eliminate dry skin tissue after the drying step, before withdrawing from the stretching, the material should be wiped with a cotton swab or a small piece of cloth soaked in glycerine.Then leave the skin until completely absorbed glycerol, and only then remove the stretch marks.This procedure will prepare the skin for the cutting, make it soft and supple.
Then you can remove the material from the board, comb the fur and begin to cut.Wavy edges should immediately straighten.
COLOUR furs
If fur is very dirty, it should be cleaned before the coloration, because the paint does not penetrate into the contaminated structure of hair.To take this alkaline solution.
Composition of the solution:
- 2-3 h. Liter.salt;
- 1 hour. L.ammonia;
- 1 hour. L.detergent;
- 2 h. L.baking soda;
- 1 liter of water.
Mezdra at the coloration should be treated with glycerol or cause fat cream to prevent it drying out.
Fur pelts are usually painted in darker tones.When painted in a lighter color will first need to lighten hair with hydrogen peroxide.
Paint fur, putting skin on a wooden board and secure it with pins or small nails.Use for this ordinary hair dye.Before the procedure can be slightly wet fur to make it easier to distribute the paint.Time of action - according to package directions.Paint is washed off without removing the skin from the board, in the shower, then dried and raise the fur with a hair dryer.Most of the time required for drying the flesh side.
tanning hides
During the drying process, and other procedures skin is machined, whereby the material becomes brittle and hard.Tanning helps to strengthen the structure of mink, otter, raccoon, marten and other animals that is due to the penetration of the skin tanning agents that bind protein fibers.Skin after such a procedure is a soft plastic and increases resistance to decay, to the effects of high temperatures.Material also brings great repeated exposure to water, coloring and subsequent drying.
Tanning can be performed both by chemical and natural tanning agents of plant origin.
Consider one of the ways of tanning.You will need a half-liter jar of oak bark, which can be purchased at the pharmacy.Fill it with two banks of water and bring to a boil, then boil for 10-15 minutes and leave to infuse for a day.Then strain the broth, and already cold applied with a brush on the skin from the flesh side and dried in braces.In the process of drying out slightly otminayut.
It was one of the steps on how to stretch a hide at home.
Durability fur
important indicator of the quality of fur is its wearability.The most durable is considered otter.Products from it will last 20 seasons without any restorations.In second place on wearability - beaver fur - the third seal.Products from the most popular and sought after types of fur - sable, mink and fox will last 12, 9 and 7, respectively seasons.Least of all will be able to revile rabbit fur (1 season), rabbit long-haired (2 seasons) and marmot fur (3.5 seasons).You can also touch on the deeper durability of certain species and to talk about how to treat the skin of a rabbit, but talk about something else.
Indicators durability fur:
- strength of the hair;
- strength inner side;
- bond strength of the hair and the leather;
- thickness and density of the skin;
- thickness of the epidermis and subcutaneous tissue;
- density of hair, and so. D.
In turn, for example, the bond strength of the hair with the flesh side depends on the type of fur production season, as well as compliance with the processing technology skins.Thus, during molting hair ties with the skin is minimal, so to produce the fur should be in late autumn.During this period the skin has the best characteristics.
How to distinguish a fake?
many cases where fake fur cheaper material.For example, marten after giving the appropriate appearance of the issue of sable, nutria - beaver, and mink is often replaced by a rabbit or groundhog.
To recognize the substitution, you must pay attention to the fur.Beavers, for example, guard hairs longer than the nutria and thicker undercoat.Arista rabbit fur is much softer than the mink.A marmot fur of different lengths, unlike mink, which perfectly smooth scalp.
Conclusion
most of us love to natural fur in the genes, from the time when our ancestors realized the pros wear products - softness, warmth and comfort.You can choose to answer questions on how to stretch the skin of her process and make beautiful.You can also buy ready-made material.
