Currently, the ship called the warship.Tankers, bulk carriers, bulk carriers, passenger ships, container ships, ice breakers and other representatives of the technical park of civil or commercial fleets in this category are not included.But once, in the early days of navigation when mankind has filled the white space on the sailing directions blur of new islands, and even continents, all considered sailing ship.On board each of them had a gun, and the team consisted of a desperate young man, ready to do anything for profit and romance of distant travels.Then, in these turbulent century was the division on the types of ships.List with current amendments would have made a very long, so you should concentrate on sailing.Well, maybe you can add some rowing boats.
galleys
get to them - an unenviable share.Such punishment in ancient times waiting for incorrigible criminals.And in ancient Egypt, and Fink, and in Greece they were.Over time, there were other ships, but the galleys were used until the Middle Ages.The main driving force were the very convicts, but helping them is sometimes sails, straight or triangular, installed on two or three masts.By today's standards, these ships were not great, their displacement was only 30-70 tons, length rarely exceeded 30 meters, but in those times the size of the ships were not even gigantic.Rowers sat in rows, according to experts and historians, not more than three horizontal tiers.Armament gallery features ballistae and rams the bow, in later centuries, these funds were supplemented by fighting and artillery.The course, that is the speed of movement, controlled the supervisors, asking rhythm special tambourines, and, if necessary, and a whip.
Barki
Types of sailing vessels little known to our contemporaries, but some of them are also known for regularly passing parade and international regattas.The Russian saved barge "Sedov" and "Kruzenshtern".These ships are not only show the world its beauty, but also contribute to the education of young sailors passing them practice in the tradition of the Russian Navy.
So bark (the species name is derived from the Flemish word «bark») is a ship with a number of masts from three to five.All of his sails straight, except for an oblique snap mizzen (aft mast).Barki - vessels are quite large, such as "Kruzenshtern" has a length of about 115 meters, a width of 14 meters, a crew of 70 people.Since it was built in 1926, when steam engines were already widespread, in its present structure and auxiliary power plant capacity almost fifteen hundred kilowatts, loaded into two fixed pitch propellers.The speed of the ship and now does not seem small, sail the course of the barge reaches 17 knots.Appointment type, in general, common to the merchant fleet of the XIX century - delivery of mixed cargo, mail and passengers by sea lines.
Brigantine raises sails
In fact, the same barge, with two masts, called Brigantine.All types of vehicles vary according to the destination and shipping qualities.Brigantine allocated specific speed and ease.Sailing accessories mixed on Fox (front mast) Sail straight, and the grotto oblique.Favorite boat pirates all seas.Historical sources mention the brigantine so-called "Bermuda Grotto", that is a triangular sail, stretched between liktrosom and the luff, but none of the surviving members of a species can not boast of them.However, these nuances are of interest only to specialists.
Frigates
As the fleet of some types of warships appeared, others disappeared, while others have gained a different meaning.An example is the frigate.This concept has survived the later types, such as battleships, dreadnoughts, and even battleships.True modern frigate roughly equivalent to the Soviet concept of a large anti-submarine ship, but it sounds shorter and somehow beautiful.In the original sense, it is a three-masted vessel with a deck 20-30 artillery guns.By the way, "frigate" from the XVII century, for a long time was added the adjective "Dunkirk" means preferential use in a separate area of the sea theater adjacent to the Pas-de-Calais.Type the different specific speed.Then, with increasing radius of autonomy, they became known simply frigates.Displacement - the average for that time, about 800-1000 m. The most famous Russian frigate called "Pallada" on it in 1855, was made glorious expedition to the shores of East Asia under the command of Admiral EV Putyatin.
Caravelle
«She went as a caravel ..." - sung in the famous pop song.Harmless to explore the kinds of sailing ships, before composing texts for future hits.A compliment is a bit ambiguous.Not every girl wants to be compared with the load, large and fairly heavy boat.Besides, the caravel nose high bullied, what can also be undesirable uglyadet hint.
However, mainly in this type of course, a good nautical properties.He is known above all by the fact that Columbus made his expedition to the shores of the New World is three caravels ("Santa Maria", "Pinta" and "Nina").Externally, they can be distinguished by the said elevated tanks (bow superstructures), as well as sailing a snap.Masts three jib straight, and the rest - from the Latin (oblique) sails.
Purpose - sea and distant transoceanic trips.
From the word "caravel" morphologically occurs Russian word "ship".It gave the name and the famous French passenger aircraft, very beautiful.
Clippers
to quickly create all kinds of sailing ships.Names of ships are not always remembered, but there are exceptions.Says one word "cruiser", and then everything will think something - some "Aurora", the other "Varyag".Regarding the clippers is only one option - "Cutty Sark".This ship is a long and narrow body went down in history for several reasons, but the main and most important was the quality of his speed.Deliver tea from China, quickly bring the mail to distant colonies and perform very delicate assignment was given to the Queen clippers and their teams.And doing their job, these vessels until the appearance of steamships, and in some cases later.
galleons
Examining ancient types of warships, one can not forget about the Great Armada competing with the British fleet in the XVI century.The main unit of this formidable force was a Spanish galleon.Compare for excellence with him could no sailing vessel at the time.At its core is an advanced caravel, with reduced tank superstructure (the same "Zadran nose" has virtually disappeared), and an elongated body.As a result, old Spanish shipbuilders have improved stability and wave drag reduction, as a consequence, increase the speed.Maneuverability also improved.Other warships of the XVI century galleon looked close to a short and too high (it was a disadvantage in that goal easier to hit).Outlines Utah (aft superstructure) purchased a rectangular shape, and the conditions of the crew become comfortable.It is the first galleons appeared latrines (toilets), hence the origin of the word.
Displacement of "battleships of the XVI century" ranged from 500 to 2 thousand. Tonnes.They finally were very nice, they were decorated with intricate carvings and crowned by the majestic sculpture of the nose.
Schooners
There are kinds of large ships, which became "workhorses" designed for the transport of a wide variety of goods.Among them a special place is occupied by a schooner.It mnogomachtovye court, characterized in that at least two of their snap oblique.They are marselnymi, stakselnymi, Bermuda or gaff, depending on what is provided with a slanting mast sails.It should be borne in mind that the distinction between the two-masted schooner marselnoy bramselnoy or brigantine and very conditional.This type is known from the XVII century.The highest prevalence he achieved in trading the US Navy, in particular, Wolf Larsen, the character of Jack London, with his team hunting for seals it on board.In comparison, other types of vehicles is difficult to manage (According to George. London, this process is available even lonely sailor).Most often, the schooner were two- and three-masted, but there are cases when the snap was much larger.Original record was set in 1902, when the ship was lowered into the water with seven masts ("Double Thomas Lawson," Quincy Shipyard).
Other ships sailing
Photo attending the international regattas around the world, is published in newspapers, magazines and on web pages.Such hits - always an event, the beauty of these vessels is not comparable to anything else.Barki, brigantine, corvettes, frigates, clippers, kechi, yachts are all kinds of ships, preserved, fortunately, to the present day.This spectacle distracts from everyday life and takes the viewer into the last century, full of adventure and romance of distant travels.This sailor must master the art of sailing navigation, so believe in many countries and we have as well.Climbing the rigging up, deploying sails and breathed the free wind of the sea, you can take up their places in modern consoles dry cargo vessels, tankers and cruise liners balkerovozov.Such a sailor you can safely trust the fate of the lives of passengers and cargo, he will not let you down.
