Help Flood, salvation from drought, leaving entire populations without food, preventing man-made disasters - is only a small part of the issues that need to be resolved.The main thing that the influence of nature on society does not lead to a large loss of life and huge material costs for disaster recovery.A lot of trouble can be avoided if you do not treat nature as a cornucopia.The thoughtless use of natural resources should be fully and completely give way to environmental management.
influence of the nature of society (territory, climate)
geographical environment in different historical periods are different, but it always was and will be the source of the resources needed for life and work of the population.Moving continents human ancestors began in ancient times.The most important resource - the territory, which is inhabited by the representatives of any ethnic group, and now live their distant descendants.Preferred for the settlement regions - plains and coastal lowlands in all climatic zones, except for the polar and polar latitudes.
use of soil, vegetation, minerals
influence of nature on the development of society, not only due to the geographical location of the territory, climate and topography.Equally important for the population of the types of soil, flora and fauna.Sparsely populated regions - desert, semi-desert, high mountains - devoid of vegetation.Tropical forests in Central Africa and in the basin of the South American Amazon River - impassable jungle.
mastered by man in the distant historical epochs deciduous forests, steppe and forest steppe, where the rich vegetation formed fertile soils.This is one of the main resources for the development of agriculture - the oldest occupations of mankind.People from time immemorial enjoyed the riches of the subsoil - Fossil Fuels, ores, precious stones, non-metallic materials.As a result of the joint effect of territorial, climatic, natural resource and other factors formed regions with high population density:
- South-East, South and South-West coast of the mainland of North America.
- East and North-West on the continent of South America.
- Mediterranean coast, the coast of the Gulf of Guinea in Africa.
- Western Europe, the East European Plain, the Mediterranean and the Black Sea Coast, Western and South-East Asia, the Indian subcontinent on the continent of Eurasia.
negative influence of nature on society more visible in areas with unfavorable conditions for life and economic activities of the population.These are the areas with cold climates, deep-seated minerals of high seismic danger.These areas include:
- Gobi desert, the north of Western Siberia, Eastern Siberia, Kamchatka in Eurasia;
- Central Sahara in Africa;
- deserts and high mountains of North and South America;
- inland areas of Australia;
- Antarctica - the coldest continent and lifeless, a permanent population on this continent is absent.
Water and Civilization
influence of the nature of society is expressed in the development of the resources of the oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and other water bodies, it is important for many aspects of life.Russian historian and geographer of the XIX century, LI Mechnikov wrote a book about the influence of the rivers on the civilizations of antiquity.The author called historic River Nile, Tigris, Euphrates, "the great teachers of mankind."
for modern peoples are important indicators and hydrographic regime of permanent watercourses (salinity, temperature, flood, floods, ice and drifting ice).The volume flow, fall and slope of the river, be sure to take into account the nature of the bottom during the construction of hydroelectric power stations, bridges and ferries.The positive impact of society on nature is the irrigation of the desert, "pacification" of the rivers that overflow their banks during floods and high water, flooding the lowlands, forests, where the animals are killed.
water balance of the territory plays a huge role in the drinking water supply of the population, the development of agriculture, fisheries.Freshwater shortage is felt in many regions of the world, which exacerbates social contradictions.As suggested by some researchers in the future, war broke out for the possession of water resources.
biological effect of the nature of society
man at the genetic level is associated with nature.One theory is that humans evolved from apelike ancestors mastered the methods of manufacturing tools and bipedal locomotion.
natural conditions affect the life of the modern population of the Earth.For example, meteorology difficult to imagine without data on the situation of geomagnetic and solar activity.Russian scientist of world renown ALChizhevsky in the years 1915-1959 investigated the dependence of biological effects on the activity of the heavenly body.Alexander Chizhevsky collected historical data, demonstrating the effect of the nature of the development of society.In particular, according to the scientist wrote about epidemics, insurrections, revolutions of the 11-year solar cycle.
Nature and manufacture
According to the theory of geographical determinism differences in economic and household activities and culture of the people due to natural conditions in which they live.But these views have been criticized because the evolution of society is faster than changing environmental conditions, and enduring cultural values and scientific discoveries have different peoples of the earth.
process of interaction between society and the natural environment is much more complex than were supporters of geographical determinism.For example, the post-industrial countries - the United States, Japan, Israel, Germany, France, Britain, Canada - have different areas, natural conditions and resources.Despite the differences, the direction of development of society and the level of production in many respects similar.
Nature and Science
influence of the nature of society illustrates the process of the birth and development of the natural sciences: physics, chemistry, biology.Especially increased interest in the study of the environment in the Renaissance and the early modern period.XVII century English philosopher Francis Bacon argued that knowing the nature, society finds it needs well-being.There are different forms of accumulation and use of knowledge of the geographical environment:
- scientific hypotheses and theories;
- agricultural and industrial technology;
- food production.
Unfortunately, more often than before science aims - to conquer the nature of the human will and mind.Changes in the environment by the middle of the XX century became so large scale that appeared aphorism "Man - the king of nature", and later commentary: "Not the king, and disease."For scientific and technical progress necessary individual elements of the environment, and achieving it is often reflected in the entire geographical shell as a whole, such as the effect of greenhouse gases and air conditioning systems.
aesthetic impact on the nature of human society
geographic environment and the spiritual life are closely linked.The positive impact of nature on society illustrates the culture, or rather its wealth.In the works of folklore, poetry and prose, folk and classical dances, landscape painting reflects elements of the environment.Do not they equally perceive people from different countries and regions, so the value is the culture of large and small nations.
folklore often becomes a source of knowledge about nature for researchers and travelers.Inspired by the popular legends about St. Brendan, his voyage to the "Island of the Blessed," the British scientist and writer Tim Severin went on a journey across the Atlantic Ocean on the leather boat made according to old drawings.On Easter Island, Norwegian scientist and explorer Thor Heyerdahl with the help of local residents and folk sources found in ancient times could produce 12-meter figure of stone, set them in different parts of the island.
Environmental degradation
negative impact on the nature of society is the depletion of natural resources - non-renewable, exhaustible.These groups include coal, oil, gas, peat, oil shale, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, semi-precious stones and other minerals.Declining stocks of exhaustible renewable resources - flora and fauna, water.The pace of changes in the environment are increasing, ever more clearly looming threat of ecological crisis.So affects the negative impact of society on nature.Examples:
- shortage of clean air in big cities and industrial centers;
- water pollution in groundwater and surface water sources;
- soil erosion, loss of fertility;
- reduction in the number of rare animals and plants;
- accumulation of industrial and household waste in landfills and natural landfills.
healthy environment - one of the best values
We examined the influence of nature in the spheres of society.It is not a faceless mass, and people who need certain conditions for normal life.Man - ecological plasticity living creature, but his adaptation possibilities are not unlimited.For hundreds of thousands of years of evolution took place when some parameters of the environment, to which people have adapted.Currently, the speed and magnitude of changes in environmental parameters exceed the adaptive capacity of human rights.All this leads to adverse effects - illness, stress.In the post-industrial countries realized the pernicious influence of society on nature.Examples of positive changes:
- introduction of methods of economic environmental management;
- the use of low-waste and non-waste production technology;
- economical use of energy and fresh water;
- improving organic farming.
One of the most important nature conservation areas - the creation of national parks and biosphere reserves.Such areas are reserve for rare and endangered species, research laboratories, perform educational mission.Reserve - "Temple of Nature", where a person's behavior should be subject to strict rules.It prohibited any economic activity that helps the restoration and conservation of natural areas in its almost original form.
