ancient Greeks made a great contribution to the development of the exact sciences: mathematics, astronomy, physics.Other nations while also has a certain amount of knowledge.But if the Egyptians and Babylonians were content already open and explore the area, the Greeks went further.They did not stop there and open up new horizons in different spheres of life.
Greek mathematics
This science is one of the most ancient and popular.Of course, the Greeks contributed to the development of culture and geography, logic and economics.Their school of thought was so advanced that still surprises and discoveries of contemporary statements.But mathematics assigned to a separate niche in the complex system of scientific knowledge.
many achievements in the field of arithmetic required to discussions that were so popular among the Greeks.People gathered in the square, arguing and so came to the right decision."In a dispute born truth" - this dogma has reached us since those times.
Any Greek mathematician enjoyed the honor and respect.The deduced theorems and formulas seriously understood by ordinary people, and offered it to the top of the podium, the ranks of other great minds.The development of mathematics as a science owes much to Archimedes, Pythagoras, Euclid and other personalities, works and discoveries that form the basis of modern algebra and geometry courses in schools and universities.
Pythagoras and his school
This Greek mathematician, philosopher, politician, public and religious figures.He was born about 580 BC on the island of Samos, so that the people he was called Samos.According to legend, Pythagoras was very nice and handsome man.He never tired of studying all the new and the unknown, it was truly an elite education.He studied the young man, not only at home but also in India, Egypt and Babylon.
Pythagoras, the ancient Greek mathematician, patronized slaveholders and the aristocracy.An idealist to the core, in Croton he founded his own school, which was both religious and political structure.Clear organization of everyday life, strict rules and canons - the main features of it.For example, members of the community could not own private property, adhere to a vegetarian diet, and undertook not to open strangers teachings of his teacher.
When democracy has come to Croton, Pythagoras and his followers fled to Metapontum.But the popular uprising raged in the city.In one of the fights the 90-year-old mathematician died.However, it ceased to exist and its famous school.
Discovery Pythagoras
known for sure that it was his authorship belongs to the description of the integers, their properties and proportions.He was also one of the first scientists who claimed that the Earth is round, that the planets are not such a trajectory of motion, as the stars.All these ideas are the basis for the famous heliocentric teachings of Copernicus.Since all life scientist was surrounded by mystery, to have survived are not many interesting facts about its activities.Some doubt that the famous theorem proved by him.According to some reports, they knew her, and many other ancient peoples long before the birth of mathematics.
Greek philosopher and mathematician, has a lot of ability, and not only in the sciences.His name and work are shrouded in myths and legends, and mysticism.It was believed that Pythagoras manages spirits with the underworld, he understands the language of animals, communicating with them, asks him the flight of birds right direction, is able to predict the future.Also attributed to him voodoo ability.
Archimedes major works
This is one of the most outstanding representatives of the era, the famous scientist, philosopher, mathematician and inventor.He was born in 287 BC in Syracuse.In this small town he lived most of his life, then wrote his famous treatise, and had new arrangements.His father was a court astronomer Phidias, so learning Archimedes held at the highest level.He had access to the best library of the time, reading rooms which spent more than one day.
Before survived several mathematical works of the scientist.Conventionally, they can be divided into three main groups.
- works dedicated volume and area of the curvilinear bodies and figures.They contain a lot of proven theorems.
- geometrical analysis of hydrostatic and static problems.This study about the equilibrium shapes about the body position in water, and so on.
- other mathematical operation.For example, about the calculus of grains of sand, mechanical theorem proving.
Archimedes was killed during the capture of Syracuse by the Roman armies.He was so keen on drawing new geometrical problem, he did not notice the soldier who came back.Soldier killed the scientist, not knowing that the captain gave the order to save the life of a famous mathematician and philosopher.
Archimedes contribution to the development of the exact sciences
Every child is familiar with this outstanding figure since high school.Who is he, the ancient Greek mathematician, exclaimed "Eureka"?The answer to this question is simple - is Archimedes.According to legend, the king ordered him to find out - of pure gold made its crown jeweler, or cheated, diluting it with other metals.Thinking about this problem, Archimedes lay in a bath filled with water.And then it occurred to him a startling discovery: the amount of liquid that is poured over the edge of the tub, as well the volume of water displaced by his body.Having made this finding, he cried, we all know the word "Eureka".Greek mathematician with this cry jumped out of the bath and ran home, in the buff, slowly burn their discovery.
addition, Archimedes two thousand years before the discovery was able to calculate the area integrals of a parabolic segment.He opened the world's number "pi", proving that the ratio of the diameter of the circle and the length of the circumference is always the same for any such geometric shapes.He created the so-called Archimedes screw - the prototype of modern aircraft and ship propellers.Among his achievements throwing and lifting machines.The secret of the creation of his "incendiary mirror" by means of which were destroyed by enemy ships, still not disclosed modern researchers.
Euclid
Most of the time he worked on the musical works, reveals the secrets of mechanics and physics, he studied astronomy.But some of his works still dedicated math: brought to mind several proofs and theorems.His contribution to the development of this science is difficult to overestimate, as Euclid's work became the basis for other scholars who lived many centuries later it.
What is the name of the ancient Greek mathematician who wrote a well-known mathematical book "Beginning", consisting of 15 books?Of course, Euclid.He was able to formulate the basic provisions of geometry proved important theorem about the sum of the angles of a triangle and the Pythagorean theorem.Also, his name is associated with the doctrine about the construction of the regular polyhedra, which today admires every young mathematician at geometry lessons.Euclid discovered the method of exhaustion.He took up the Newton and Leibniz, opening ways of calculation: integral and differential.
Thales
This Greek mathematician born around 625 BC.For a long time he lived in Egypt, and was closely associated with the ruler of the country, the king Amasis.Legend has it that he once astonished Pharaoh, measure the height of the pyramid is only the shadow of its largest.
Thales is considered the ancestor of Greek science, one of the seven wise men who changed the foundations of knowledge.Historians believe that Thales was the first to prove the fundamental theorems of geometry.For example, that the angle inscribed in a semicircle is always a straight line, the diameter divides the circle into two equal parts, have an isosceles triangle the angles at the base are equal, all vertical angles are identical, and so on.
Thales derived a formula according to which triangles will always be the same if they are identical to one face and the corners adjacent to it.He learned how to determine the distance to sail away ships using conventional triangles.In addition, he made a couple of discoveries in astronomy, determining the exact time of solstices and equinoxes.He also correctly calculated the duration of the first year.
Eratosthenes
This is quite a versatile figure.He was fond of the study of space, geographical discoveries, studied speech, language turns and historical events.In the field of algebra and geometry, he is known to us as the ancient Greek mathematician, made the discovery in the primes.He created the "Sieve of Eratosthenes", an interesting method, which until now taught in schools.Thanks to him, you can sift through the primes of the total number.The figures are not expunged, as it is today, and pierced on a common figure.Hence the name - "sieve".
Eratosthenes was able to construct the mezolyaby - instrument for decision based on the laws of mechanics Delian problem about the doubling cube.He was able to first measure the Earth.Having considered the length of the terrestrial meridian, he deduced the circumference of the planet - 39 000 960 kilometers.Wrong only some minor 300 kilometers.Eratosthenes really prominent figure of the time, without his achievements mathematics could not exist in its usual form.
Heron
This Greek mathematician lived in the first century BC.Data is approximate, as exact testimony about his life came to our days is very small.It is known that Heron was fond of the laws of physics, mechanics, valued achievements of engineering science.It was he who created the first automatic doors, a puppet theater, a turbine sails, ancient "taximeter" - a device for measuring the road, self-charging gun and crossbow.
Much of his work was devoted, and mathematics.He brought new geometric formulas developed methods of calculating geometric shapes.Geron has created the famous formula, named after him, with which you can calculate the area of a triangle when you know the length of all its sides.After he left many manuscripts, which were displayed not only his work, but studies of other scientists.And this is his biggest achievement.Through these records we know today about Archimedes, Pythagoras and other famous mathematicians who have become symbols of the era and glorified ancient Greece to the entire ancient world.
