Tsarist Russia - a historical period covering a sufficiently long period of time.It begins with the reign of the first Russian Tsar Ivan the Terrible, and ends in 1917, when the monarchy was abolished.To have survived many historical relics and artifacts that reveal new aspects and details of the story.Perhaps the most studied of these are the various military awards, as they were presented for special achievements, exploits and heroism.The awardees were mostly men, because women did not serve in the ranks of the regular army.But all the same for the ladies had their own insignia.
Order of the Liberation
most important and honorable award of all women was the Order of St. Catherine.It was first handed Peter I to his wife.The history of its origin.During the Prut campaign's first emperor troops were surrounded.And if not for the jewels of Catherine and skillful negotiations, the Russian army was waiting to complete failure.In gratitude, Peter established this award, decorated with an abundance of precious stones, with the motto "For Love and Fatherland."Color ribbons - pink.Sometimes it is called differently - the Order of the Liberation.It existed in 2 degrees, it was given to all children of female royal blood at birth, as well as a particularly noble and distinguished ladies.Now we heard the echoes of this tradition in the form of a pink ribbon dressing baby girls.
Women awards
Women awards of tsarist Russia were not limited to one order of St. Catherine, there were medals for the performance of duties in the medical care of the wounded, or simply for good long-term performance of duties.For example, the Mariinsky badge.It is awarded to women who perfectly perform their duties for 15 years or more.
The fair sex, who carried his service in hospitals and hospitals received their awards.For example, the medal "For the Sisters of Charity in the Crimea," or "For the Holy Cross Sisters community in Finland."
Another distinction, which was created at the end of Tsarist Russia - the Order of St. Olga.He handed over once the woman whose three sons, awarded the Order of St. George, gave their lives for their country.
studying form, inscriptions, images and decorations on the rewards you can get a general impression of what was tsarist Russia.This is an interesting and a bulk layer of our history.
ranks and titles
Men's rewards were much greater, they were awarded for the feat in military battles and achievements in the service of peace.In addition to the awards, it was decided to give the people ranks and titles.
Before Peter I did not have a clear system of ranked positions and titles.People took place in the Boyar Duma, called dumnyi ranks among which the duma nobles and clerks, as well as the boyars, courtiers.
In 1722 was introduced roster, which indicates a clear hierarchy of positions in the military and civil service.From now on, officials in Tsarist Russia began to be divided into 14 classes.Military honor was more than civil, and allowed more privileges.Rose to the top class in the service of the army was easier and faster than in the civilian field.
rank in Tsarist Russia - a distinction, which was an honor to wear for all service people: military, a civilian and court service.In the military, they meant belonging to the imperial support, such as adjutant general and adjutant.
Women ranks
Table of Ranks and made adjustments to the social status of women.Now he is determined rank of her father, if she is not married, or the rank of the husband - if entered.The appeal was appropriate, for example, "Ms. counselor" when applied to his wife advisor.Some women were in the service of the court, and they, according to the ranking, had their personal rank, do not depend on the position of the husband or father.
Ranks in Tsarist Russia - a system that left its mark in today's society.Despite the fact that in 1918 they were canceled after their partial recovery was already ranks as the officers of the Navy.
Coins
history of money is very fun and rewarding.Numerous reforms, changes in shape, size and content of the precious metals in coins - all this gives you a good slice of the era.And, moreover, helps to explain many of the events and present in detail.For every coin - a ruler and the terms of use.Numismatists collect them, and the stories associated with them.There are inexpensive coin of tsarist Russia, and there are - cost a fortune.More often than not they were released more than a dozen.Let us consider the most interesting.
Constantine ruble
story of this coin is amazing, because tsarist Russia knows ruler named Constantine.The fact is that after the reign of Alexander I in his place would have become a brother - Constantine - but it in advance, even in 1819, abdicated.They knew about it only a few people, so as soon as it became aware of the death of Alexander, guard sworn to Constantine.The manifesto of the former ruler, in which he announced that the heir to Nicholas I, arrived in the capital after 2 weeks.In this uncertain period Mint began preparing to issue new coins with the image of Constantine.It was produced 5 samples that were later distributed among the closest relatives of Alexander II.We have 2 coins are in Russian museums and 3 - in foreign collections.Their cost is presently exceeding 100 thousand. Dollars.
Square penny
In 1726 in Ekaterinburg was released penny biggest in the history of Russia.Its size is 2.3 to 2.3 cm, weight - 16.38 g.The price at the moment - 2 million. Rubles.10 extant copies of such coins.It is worth noting that while the square money - not a rarity.There are other denominations in a square form, in particular, at the same time, record the weight was produced - copper Ruble, weighing 1,638 kg.
most expensive coin
in 2008 set a new record for the value of the coin of imperial Russia - 1 million. 550 thousand. Pounds.Her face value of 20 rubles.And it was released in the course of the currency reform of 1755.These were test samples just 2 copies.Now one of them is kept in the Hermitage, and the other - in a private collection.
25 rubles from the nugget
in Siberia at the beginning of the last century was found a large gold nugget, weighing 5 kg.Emperor Nicholas II decided to make this ingot gifts to give to close friends and family on his birthday in 1908.On his orders, he produced a few coins 25 rubles.Now this coin is considered to be very rare, its price is 1.9 mln. Rubles.
100 coins in the base of the temple
In August 1907 passed exactly one hundred years from the victory over Napoleon's army at Friedland.In honor of this event it laid the foundation of a new church near St. Petersburg.At its base was placed 100 gold coins 5 rubles.They were ordinary, the only thing that distinguishes them - the year of issue.In 1907, the Mint has not issued such a coin denomination to the sphere of circulation.The ceremony was attended by the Nicholas II, his wife and Princess Olga, in whose honor and named the church.From left 9 special issue of coins that were given to the participants of this event.At the moment, the value of 5 rubles in 1907 is 4.35 million. Rubles.
such interesting and unusual stories tell us coin, revealing the details of the past.They reflect the centuries-old era of the Russian state and help to look at the past events under a new, unusual angle.In order to further penetrate our history, we consider this interesting detail, like the buttons on their clothes, because they are also a lot of information about the country and the people.
Buttons
In ancient times, the buttons were not only as a piece of clothing, but also as a guardian against evil spirits.The name "Button" comes from the word "scare" that corresponds with its main function at the time - to drive away evil spirits.Then, her role changed and she became the original card of the person.For coats, fur coats and any other dress was a fixed number of buttons.In form they resembled weights and were very ubiquitous.Gradually mutating, they took the already familiar to us form and became the subject of directly pointing to the affiliation to a particular group.On it you can find out about the situation in society and about the merits before Fatherland.Buttons, as well as other signs of tsarist Russia began to designate the place of service or study, they represented, for example, coat institution or certain symbols indicating man belongs to a particular profession.
uniformed buttons
uniformed buttons represent the most interesting layer of history and demonstrate our society.This can be seen as images on them, methods for producing modified and improved over time.Buttons tsarist Russia to Nicholas I did not have a particularly diverse patterns.They were smooth and made of tin and copper.But the last three emperors replete with a variety of shapes and images.A large number of different subjects and many factories chasing allow each make up their minds about the era.
imperial eagle and Grenada, perhaps, the most common symbols of those years.Buttons with such images were grenadiers, some infantry units.More frequent post and telegraph and the Ways of Communication.Among the rare buttons can be noted lighthouse keepers, students of private institutions and officers of the Guard.
Methods of making
most simple buttons, which are abundant in Tsarist Russia - stamped.During their manufacture the metal surface is applied to the image - the stamp.
more complex - phony buttons.They were made up of 2 parts.On the top, the front side of the stamp squeezed inside, and the lower side of the soldered later.Thus, it remains inside the hollow.
most expensive method of manufacturing overhead at the buttons.The image on the front side are not stamped and manufactured separately and then attached it to the base with special antennae.False buttons Tsarist Russia - the most beautiful and expensive at the moment.
study the history of artifacts is very interesting and informative, but you always want to look at the people live, to plunge into the era.In this picture, we can help.
Photo
Since the invention of photography, she immediately falls in Russia.After successful experiments became popular everywhere.Among the early photographers can note Levitsky SL - Master photo portrait, VA Carrick- The founder of the genre pictures, Bull KK- Photojournalist, IF Barshchevsky- Photographer of architecture, Boldyrev IV- The author of "popular" images and the first woman photographer - EL MorozovskayaTheir pictures imprint as the emperors, and people's lives.Before us in their work presents a new and surprising Tsarist Russia.During the first pictures, perhaps, the most interesting from a historical point of view.
Color photos of Tsarist Russia, came to us thanks to the efforts of the famous photographer - Sergei Mikhailovich Prokudin-Gorsky.He received permission from the Emperor Nicholas II in Photos from the Russian Empire.In his trailer, he traveled to areas of the country, giving lectures on the work.
Our history in detail
Summarizing all the above, we note that the history of imperial Russia - is not just a period, the knowledge of which is necessary only for the overall development, and a milestone, which carries the set of input data for the events that occurin modern world.Many of the customs, rituals and traditions that are popular now, go back to that time.For every person living in our country, interested in the details, which carries with it such an important historical period, as the tsarist Russia.Photo on which it is embodied, contain a wealth of information about the life of that time, and the study of coins, buttons and awards will help more deeply imbued our history.
