most beautiful man of Europe in the days of his life, is not forgotten after his death - is the reign of Nicholas 1. - with eight hundred and twenty-fifth tysyacha of eight hundred and fifty-fifth tysyacha.He immediately became a symbol in the eyes of formalism and despotism.And there were reasons.
reign of Nicholas 1. Briefly birth of the future king
during the reign of Nicholas I, traditionally perceived as the era of stagnation, but at the same time it is filled with internal contradictions.This is the heyday of Russian culture, but, on the other hand, the cruel serfdom.Rigid codes of systematization of legislation and not covered completely arbitrary authority.The acquisition of a huge international prestige and a tragic and cruel defeat in the Crimean War.
Little Nicholas was born twenty-fifth of June one thousand seven hundred and ninety-six, and was the son of overage heir to Pavel Petrovich and his wife Maria Feodorovna.Aging Catherine II still managed to nurse the little Nicholas, his grandson.But she did not plan to link its fate with the great affairs of state.
Youthful years, education and training preferences
then still a young prince was predestined to receive military training.He was immediately promoted to patrons of the Life Guards Regiment.And after some time, and Izmailovsky whose uniform he started wearing.The future emperor received excellent education at home, which had a military bias.Nevertheless I found it unsatisfactory.
His tutor, General Lamzdorf, was very stern man and repeatedly chastised the little stubborn and independent Nicholas, who years later recalled that he was always reluctant, as seen in the formation of sheer compulsion.But the military order, discipline barracks always loved the young prince.He was never attracted the humanities, but it is perfectly versed in artillery and loved engineering craft.
Happy father and an exemplary soldier
In eighteen hundred and seventeenth year Nicholas was the husband of Princess Charlotte, the daughter of the King of Prussia.In Orthodoxy Alexandra.She really missed his distant homeland.To please her husband gave her the honor of the first in the Russian state a real Christmas tree.
For thirty-eight years of marriage they were born seven children.The Emperor was a happy father and a remarkable military.But he differed dismissive attitude toward the officers and very picky character, so the guards did not complain.
abdication of Constantine, or the Manifesto of the sixteenth August
summer of eighteen hundred of the nineteenth Emperor Alexander declared that Constantine refuses to reign, so the right to manage the state moves to the next brother, that is, Nicholas.Sixteenth August eight hundred and twenty-third tysyacha signed a manifesto that declared the heir to the throne Nicholas.
But the signed document was strictly kept secret and not published.Board 1 Nicholas has not yet come, and Alexander, for whatever reasons of their own did not bring him to affairs of state.Whether these actions show that could still change his mind, and perhaps afraid of the possibility of some movements that can be made in favor of Nicholas.Thus, Alexander, and he is not suggesting the possible consequences, Jr. put in an awkward position.
sudden death and the consequences of the hidden manifest
When the emperor died unexpectedly in Taganrog, the majority of subjects, of course, accepted as a sovereign Constantine.Governor General of St Petersburg Count Miloradovich city insisted on carrying out his oath.Nicholas, fearing protests from the Guards officers, hastened to swear first.Were next Guard, the Senate, the army and the people.
Konstantin Pavlovich confirmed in writing by the Board and the refusal of Nicholas swore in Warsaw, but in St. Petersburg did not return.Confusion on the throne created an interregnum.This moment, in order to prepare the uprising, took advantage of the members of a secret society.Thus began the reign of Nicholas 1.
beginning of the reign and bloody historical revolt
twelfth of December one thousand eight hundred and twenty-fifth Nikolai Pavlovich decides and declares himself emperor.He swore all the higher institutions and the Council of State.But the first day, which began during the reign of Nicholas 1, marked himself uprising at Senate Square.
young king managed to keep his composure, and when face to face with the rebels Life grenadiers lieutenant Panova at the gates of the Winter Palace, and when urged, standing in the square, the rebel regiments to obey.The most amazing thing is he would say later, is that he was killed on the same day.When persuasion did not act, the king floated artillery.The rebels were defeated.Decembrists were convicted, and their leaders hanged.With the bloody events began the reign of Nicholas 1.
Briefly summing up this rebellion, we can say that the tragic events of the fourteenth December left a very deep mark on the heart of the sovereign and the rejection of any freethinking.Nevertheless, several social movements continued their activities and existence, overshadowing the reign of Nicholas 1. The table shows their basic areas.
| Conservative | Proponents of the theory of official nationality | |
| Liberal | Westerners Slavophiles | |
| Revolutionary Democratic | Mugs 20-40-s of 19at. |
handsome and brave man with a stern gaze
Military service of the emperor made a nice stroevika, demanding and meticulous.During the reign of Nicholas 1 was opened many military schools.The Emperor was brave.During the cholera riots in June the twenty-second eight hundred and thirty-first tysyacha, he was not afraid to go out to the crowd in the Haymarket area of the city.
and it was absolutely heroic - to go to the angry mob that killed even the doctors who tried to help her.But the emperor was not afraid alone, without retinue and guards, to go to these mad people.Moreover, he was able to calm them down!
After Peter the first governor-techie who understood and valued practical knowledge and education, it has become during the reign of Nicholas 1. Sovereign connected to the base of the best technical universities, which to date remains the most popular.
Major achievements of industry during the reign of Emperor
often repeated that the revolution, though on the threshold of the Russian state, but not cross it, while in the country will remain the breath of life.However, it was during the reign of Nicholas 1 in the country begins a period of scientific and technological revolution, the so-called industrial revolution.All factories gradually replaced manual labor to machine.
In eight hundred and thirty-fourth tysyacha and fifth years in the factory in Nizhny Tagil were built Russia's first railway and locomotive masters Cherepanovs.A forty-third between St. Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo experts laid the first telegraph line.On the Volga sailed huge ships.The spirit of modern times gradually began to change the way of life itself.In large cities, this process occurs in the first place.
In the forties of the nineteenth century there was the first public transportation, which was equipped with a horse-drawn - stagecoaches ten or twelve people, and omnibuses that were more roomy.Residents of Russia began to use domestic matches and started to drink tea with sugar beet that was previously only colonial goods.
appeared first public banks and stock exchanges for the wholesale trade in industrial and agricultural products.Even more magnificent and became a strong power in Russia.In the reign of Nicholas 1, she found a great reformer.
