Mogilev region is the easternmost region of Belarus, the border with the Russian Federation.In the north it is bordered by the Vitebsk, in the south - Gomel, in the west - with Minsk.Eastern neighbors are Bryansk and Smolensk regions of Russia.More than 37 percent of the territory is covered by forests, 50 per cent is agricultural land.Map of Mogilev region, given in the article illustrates the outline of the region of Belarus.
history of the area
According to archaeological data, the river Ola early people lived since the Stone Age.A near the village Large Bortniki archaeologists have found in peat deposits perfectly preserved household items and tools made of bone and horn.This gives an idea of historians about how people lived four or five thousand years ago.In the days of Kievan Rus in the Mogilev region (it was a part of that State) on the banks of the Dnieper were first towns that still exist: Mstislavl (founded in 1135), Krichev (1136), Prapojsk, the modern name - Slavgorod (1136), Mogilev (1267).In the period from the 12th to the 16th century, the region was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Russian and Jemoit.At this time, the city had grown considerably, they have become major centers of trade.Warriors Mstislavl banners forever inscribed their names in the history of Europe, having stood in 1410 in a bloody battle against the Teutonic Knights at Grunwald.Since the mid-16th century, these lands are part of the Commonwealth.During the Russian-Polish war of the region's population has fallen by half.And during the confrontation with the Swedes near the village of Forest, an important battle that ended with the victory of the Russian army.In the division of the Commonwealth became a possession of the land of Russia.Empress Catherine II presented to Prince Potemkin city of Krichev and Golitsyn - Prapojsk city.During the Russian-French war Mogilev became a battleground, and in the First World War there was a rate of the last Russian Tsar Nicholas II.
Mogilev Region was established in January 1938.During World War II, Soviet soldiers held Mogilev 23 days from the onslaught of the German invaders.In this war, the region has lost a quarter of its population.
region's population live in Mogilev region 176,000 people.Of these, more than 75 percent - in cities and towns, the rest - in the villages.Almost 90 percent of the population are Belarusians.In the following national minorities live: Russian (132 thousand), Ukrainians (21.1 thousand), Jews (3.5 thousand), Poles (2.8 thousand), Armenians (1.1 thousand).And Tatars, Roma, Lithuanians, Azerbaijanis, Moldavians and Germans.
Religion
17 in the region profess religions, is the main Orthodox Christianity.In general, Belarus (Mogilev region is no exception) is characterized by loyalty and tolerance for different religious faiths.It easily coexist mosques, churches, Christian churches, and many others.Thus, in the region there are 157 different religious communities.Of these, 69 - Orthodox Christian Church, 29 - Evangelical Christians-Baptists, 17 - the Roman Catholic Church, 6 - Old Believers Church and other Christian denominations.In addition, there are Jewish, Muslim, Krishna community.
Municipalities and districts of the Mogilev region
This region (total area of 29.1 thousand km2) is divided into administrative districts.Their 21: Belynichi (area of 1419 square kilometers), Bobruisk (1599), Bykhovsky (2263), Glusk (1335), Gorki (1284), Drybin (767), Kirov (1295), Klimovichi (1543), Klichev (1800), Krasnopolskiy (1223), Krichevsky (778) Krugloye (882) Kostyukovichskij (1494), Mogilev (1895), Mstislav (1333), Osipovichi (1947), Slavgorod (1318), Khotimsk (859) Chaussky (1471), Cherikov (1020), Shklovsky (1334).
Osipovichi, Bobruisk, Kirovsk, Mogilev, Shklov, Bykhov, Gorki, Chausy, Slavgorod, Cherikov, Mstislavl, shouting Kostyukovichi Klimovich - a city of Mogilev region.The administrative center of the region are fifteen towns, six townships.In addition, it includes three working village, 194 village councils.Whole villages and towns of the Mogilev region, there are 3120 settlements.
Connections
Belarus is an important transit route between Europe and the Russian Federation, and Mogilev region is characterized by well-developed road infrastructure.Rail nodes directly connect it to all areas of Belarus, Moldova, Ukraine, the Baltic States, as well as with a number of Russian regions.In addition, the direct bus connection area is related to Novogrudok, Gomel, Vitebsk, Orsha, Minsk, Novopolotsk, St. Petersburg, Smolensk, Moscow and others.In addition, the region is crossed by the middle reaches of the major waterways of Europe, such as the Sozh, the Berezina and the Dnieper.
Industry
Mogilev region is one of the main industrial regions of Belarus.She is represented by more than 240 enterprises.The region occupies the first position in the production of underground trains and self-propelled scrapers, passenger lifts, trailers agricultural machinery in CIS countries.In Belarus, Mogilev region is the main manufacturer of tires, rotary pumps, cement, electric motors, soft roofing, textile haberdashery, dressings, silk, rubber shoes and another.The main industrial centers are Bobruisk and Mogilev.The latter is industrial park "Mogilev" and a free economic zone.
Natural Resources
Mogilev region is very rich in minerals and natural resources.There are known more than 1,800 fields, including cement raw materials (the country's largest reserves of marl, clay, chalk and loam soil), phosphate (unique for Belarus), sand and gravel, building and silicate sands, peat, sapropel, mineral water,tripoli (the largest in the country) and oil.
Agriculture
Farmland area occupied by more than 50 percent of the territory, including arable land (33.1 percent), pastures (9.1 percent), hay (8.1 percent).The leading role in the agricultural complex of the region occupies the crop.Legumes and grains are ubiquitous.With 70 percent of the area they give cornmeal and 30 per cent - food.Livestock is mainly dairy and meat direction.A number of districts contains specialized farms are engaged in breeding of fur-bearing animals, horses, fish production.One of the major environmental problems here is radioactive contamination after the 1986 Chernobyl accident.Total attributed to contaminated about 35 percent of the territories.
Culture
rich history and artistic culture of the region is reflected in many of the monuments of archeology, arts and crafts and monumental art and architecture as heritage.Among the main attractions can be distinguished 27 museums, three professional theater and philharmonic society.In Mogilev region annually held several international theater and music festivals.The region has issued three regional and 21 local newspapers.There are city and regional television and radio channels.
